UNIT-3 AP WORLD TRAUMA Flashcards
The Printing Press was invented by Johannes Gutenberg, it greatly increased literacy which led to the quick diffusion of ideas in europe.
Gutenberg Printing Press
In 1547, he was Crowned Isar, and tried to expand the East Russian border, by first conquering the Khanates from the Kazans, Astrakhans, and Siberia had descendents from the Golden Horde. —> (dependence on Gunpowder ^)
Ivan IV, “Ivan the terrible.”
If you wonder about the number, look at the first two letters of his name.
Expansion for the desire to control Fur Trade, Ivan had sent Stroganovs to hire fierce bands of Cossacks to drive away the local tribes in Siberian Khan.
Control of the Volga
Major Russian Landowners.
Stroganovs
Fierce bands of Peasants that fought the Siberian Khans. + Were hired by Stroganovs
Cossacks
Turkish Ethnic Group that Moscow avoided by conquering the Volga river which flowed to The Caspian Sea. (new trade outlet to avoid:
Crimean Tartars
Religious leaders
Shamans
After the the Yuan Dynasty (Kublai Khan) , came the:
Ming Dynasty ( White Lotus Society)
Manchuria people
Manchu
The Manchurians established this Dynasty. (Ming was Overthrown by:
Qing Dynasty
Ruled during the Qing dynasty and sent forces to Taiwan, Mongolia, and Central Asia and combined them with his empire.(1661-1772)
Emperor Kangxi
He also ruled in the Qing dynasty, and was a poet+ talented in art/calligraphy. In the beginning of his reign, gov-taxes were all-time high.
Emperor Qianlong
Emperor Qianlong led military campaigns in West China ->led to annexation of
Xinjiang
Local Muslim population in Xinjiang that remain troubled to this day.
Uighurs
The mountainous north land of India that China had imposed a protectorate over.
Tibet
a state that is under protection by another state for defence against aggression and other violations of law.
Protectorate
A title established by Emperor Qianlong (when he conquered Tibet) that means
“Universal Priest.”
Dalai Lama
When the British were not satisfied with the Limited Chinese Trading rights, who did Qianlong respond to?
King George lll
This is the city that the Qing dynasty confined European powers. (it is also known as Caton.)
Guangzhou
Due to High taxes and a desire to restore the Ming dynasty, peasants organized the :
HINT: Rebellion
White Lotus Rebellion.
Mughal, Ottomans, Safavid Empires
Gunpowder empires that were Islamic, relied on Gunpowder, and spoke a Turkic Language.
Timur the Lame, 14th century, set his eyes to the rise of Turkic Empires. ( He made ruthless conquests in Persia.)
Tamerlane
A model for warrior life that combined the values of nomadic culture and as a holy fighter of Islam.
Ghazi Ideal.
The largest and most enduring of the Islamic empires.
(founded by the Osman Dynasty.) Lasted for more than 600 years.
Ottoman Empire.
He was a ruler that established the empire capital, Istanbul. ( used to be Constantinople ) By using cannons by the Ottomans.
Mehmed ll
Used to be constantinople, and was a nexus of trade due to its control over Bosporus Strait.
(Became a center of Islam. When the Mamluk empire declined.)
Istanbul.
Ottoman empire reached it’s peak under this ruler, His armies had caused fear to Christian Europe.
Suleiman l
An early safavid military hero that conquered most of Persia and Iraq. (14-15 yrs old crowned Shah.)
Ismail
Emperor or King.
Ismail was crowned this title:
Shah
What were the 2 main problems of the Safavid empire?
Lack of Navy military and natural defenses.
Called “Abbas the Great”
Imported weaponry from Europe and had them as his military advisors.
Used Shi’a islam to serve as a unifying force. (Safavid empire.)
Shah Abbas l
(3.1) What were the causes of Conflicts between the Ottomans and the Safavids?
1.Religion- Shi’a vs Sunni (Islam)
- Trade routes //Embargoes on trade (restriction.)
(3.1) They are rarely mentioned in the Safavid histories, but they were permitted to participate in society. ( Allowed to have an inheritance, and rarely divorce.)
Women in the Safavid Empire.
(3.1) Babur’s Grandson, The person who got rid of the muslim tax, the Jizya.
He also held theological discussions with Christians, Jews, Hindus, Muslims, and Zoroastrians
Akbar
(3.1) One of the richest and best governed states in the world around the 1520’s under Abkar.
Mughal Empire
(3.1) Strict social standings given at birth for Hindus
Castes
(3.1) What caused the decline of the Ottoman empire?
(The sick man of Europe.)
the battle of Lepanto fell into the weak sultan and strong European powers.
(Foreign invasions + harem politics)
(3.1) Euro force of Spaniards and Venetians defeated Ottomans, the battle was called:
The battle of Lepanto.
(3.1) What were the causes of the fall of the Safavid empire?
Luxury living styles, military spending with failed revenue, and overall weak population due to inflation rates/ weakened economy. Couldn’t stand against a rebellion held by Mahmud (Sunni Pashtuns
(3.1) What were the factors that caused the Mughal empire to decline?
Aurangzeb reimplemented the Jizya tax, which caused Hindus to be mad, The empire also fell due to failed military campaigns, and ihe exhausted his royal treasury and could not stand against peasants.
(3.1) Who was Akbar’s Grandson? Who was the cause of the Mughal empire decline? Who also fired artists and poets across his empire?
Who discriminated against everyone except muslims? Who reinstituted the JIZYA?
(HISTORIANS HATE THIS GUY BECAUSE HE WASN’T RELIGIOUSLY TOLERANT)
Aurangzeb, The Mughal Emperor.
(3.2) Was built by Louis XIV, a place that he kept nobles close- so they could not rebel against him. (Palace)
Versailles
Who believed in the Divine right of Kings?
King James I
Who relied on Justices of Peace?
Tudors.
Officials selected by the landed gentry who’s job was to maintain peace in the counties of England & to carry out the monarch’s laws; the Tudors relied on them.
Justices of Peace.
Ensurement of individual civil liberties, also prevented monarch from becoming tyrannical by tax and military restrictions.
English Bill of Rights
King Henry IV’s advisor that promoted the Divine RIght of the Monarchy.
Jean Bodin.
Who after King Henry+ Jean Bodin, led even greater centralization of the Government/rule?
Cardinal Richelieu
RICH-e-LIE-u
Royal officials/ Bureaucratic Elites that served to execute orders of the centralized Government.
Intendants
Intendants were called [ ] because they collected taxes.
Tax farmers.
The Sun king, who claimed that he was the state. (French King) The Guy who kept close the nobles to his palace (VERSAILLES)
“L’etat, c’est moi.”
Louis XIV
Noble landowning class that stood on top of the social pyramid.
Boyars.
Ivan IV punished the Boyars (because they opposed his policies) when he defeated them in:
Novgorod
Paramilitary that was fiercely loyal to IVAN IV.
Dressed in Black+Horses
Oprichilina.
Dynasty that came in after IVAN IV had died. (Peter the Great was set in place.)
The Romanov dynasty
The guy who had to defeat his half sister Sophia by forcing her into a convent. Known as the “Defender of Orthodoxy”
Peter I / Peter the Great
boyard elite military group that rebelled against Peter
Streltsy
“Blood tax” A selective system that took Christian boys and forced them to serve the government. Ages 8-20 would be taken out of conquered Christian Europe Lands.
Devshirme
Another name for Tokyo?
Edo!
Most famous group, made an elite part of the Ottoman army.
Janissaries
Landholding aristocrats in Japan, that ruled a “han” (piece of land in Japan)
Daimyo
Set of warriors that the Daimyo had were:
Samurai
First Powerful Daimyo that united a third of Japan then was assassinated.
Oda Nobunaga.
Daimyo that controlled Edo, and was declared Shogun in 1603.
Tokugawa Ieyasu
another word for territories in Japan.
Hans.
Capital that Abkar established
Delhi.
Paid Government officials that collected tax, constructed, and water supply.
Zamindars.
Peter the Great had the Russian Capital moved from Moscow to:
St. Petersburg
Promoted Islam throughout his rule and made a pilgrimage to Mecca. Under his leadership, Songhai became the largest West african kingdom.
Askia the Great
Who built the Taj Mahal?
Shah Jahan
One famous landmark of the royal residence if the sultans
Topkapi Palace
Top-Kap-i
Things you would give to recognize power to a King/ruler. (Ex: Agricultural plants, cloths, money etc.)
Tributes
Who led the belief that priests aren’t necessary for Salvation?
John Wycliffe
Corrected some of the worst Church abuses, Index of prohibited books
The Council of Trent
Hussites were followers of:
(Had similar beliefs of Wycliffe)
Jan Hus.
Who advocated a religion that would follow the exact teachings of the scriptures? (Was against Celibacy in Religious life, priests, nuns, etc.)
Huldrych Zwingli
HUL- DRY-CH ZEE-WING-LI
A monk named [ ] that concluded several church practices violated scripture.
Martin Luther
Nailed charges at church door by Martin Luther
95 theses
