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unit 3 aos2 Flashcards

1
Q

Oxygen consumption:

A

the amount of oxygen the body uses per minute

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2
Q

VO2:

A

Oxygen Uptake
The amount of oxygen transported to, taken up by and used by the body for energy production

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3
Q

VO2 max:

A

Maximum Oxygen Uptake
The maximum amount of oxygen per minute that can be taken in, transported and utilised by the body for energy production

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4
Q

Oxygen deficit:

A

The state in which there is a discrepancy (shortfall) between oxygen supply and oxygen needed to meet the energy requirements of the activity
Rest to exercise (increasing intensity) - oxygen demand>oxygen supply. Energy is produced anaerobically

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5
Q

Steady state:

A

When oxygen supply meets oxygen demand, an aerobic steady state is attained

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6
Q

EPOC:

A

Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption
It is the volume of oxygen used during recovery from exercise that is excess of resting oxygen consumption

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7
Q

Heart Rate

A

The number of times the heart beats per minute (bpm)

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8
Q

Stroke Volume

A

The amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle with beach beat (ml/beat)

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9
Q

Cardiac Output

A

The amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle per minute (L/min)
4-6 L/min at resting and 20 - 25 L/min at maximal intensity

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10
Q

Cardiac Output Equation

A

Q = HR X SV

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11
Q

Blood Pressure

A

The pressure exerted by the blood against the arterial wall

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12
Q

a-VO2 diff

A

The difference in concentration of oxygen in the arterial blood and the concentration in the venous blood
mL/

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13
Q

Redirection of blood flow

A

When blood vessels constrict to reduce the blood flow allowing more blood to be directed to skeletal muscles during exercise.

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14
Q

Oxygen Uptake

A

Oxygen consumption
VO2
VO2 max
Oxygen Deficit
Steady State
EPOC

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15
Q

Cardiovascular System

A

Heart Rate
Stroke Volume
Cardiac Output
Blood Pressure
Redistribution of Blood Flow
a-VO2 diff

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16
Q

Respiratory System

A

Increased Respiratory Rate
Increased Tidal Volume
Increased Ventilation
Increased Pulmonary Diffusion
Increased Oxygen Uptake

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17
Q

Increased Respiratory Rate

A

Number of breaths taken per minute

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18
Q

Increased Tidal Volume

A

The amount of air breathed in and out in one breath

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19
Q

Increased Ventilation

A

The amount of air inspired and expired per minute by the lungs (L/min)

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20
Q

Increased Pulmonary Diffusion

A

the gaseous exchange that takes place in the lungs

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21
Q

Increased Oxygen Uptake

A

the amount of oxygen that can be transported to, taken up by and used by the body for energy production

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22
Q

Ventilation Equation

A

V = RR x TV

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23
Q

Oxygen Uptake equation

A

VO2 max = Cardiac Output (C) x a-VO2 diff

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24
Q

Systolic Blood Pressure

A

Is the pressure created with each contraction and systole of the heart

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25
Diastolic Blood Pressure
Is the pressure created when the heart relaxed and the ventricle fills - The harder the heart pumps, the higher the diastolic blood pressure
26
Linear Relationship
Directly proportional - heart rate increases directly in proportion to exercise intensity
27
Vasodilation
- the process where blood vessels increase their internal diameter as a response to an increased demand for oxygen delivery to muscles
28
Vasoconstriction
the process where blood vessels narrow or constrict as a response to a decreased demand for oxygen
29
Venous Return
The amount of blood that is returned back to the heart via one-way valves in the veins and muscle pump
30
Muscular System
F.O.R.T.E.W fuel oxygen recruitment motor units temperature enzyme activity waste production ATP production in mitochondria myoglobin transporting oxygen
31
Decreased Muscle Fuel Source
Muscular stores of fuels begin to deplete during exercise as they are used as sources of fuel to produce energy
32
Increases Oxygen Consumption
Muscles require more oxygen during exercise which also increases a-VO2 difference
33
Increased Recruitment of Motor Unit and Muscle Fibre
are the motor neuron and all of the muscle fibres it activates Allows for more muscle fibres to be activated to contract and increased the force produced
34
Increased Muscle Temperature
Heat is a by-product of the process of converting chemical energy (fuels) to mechanical energy (movement)
35
Increased Muscle Enzyme Activity
enzymes assist in speeding up chemical reactions During exercise, enzyme activity increase to produce an increased amount of ATP
36
Increased Waste Production
ATP produces by products aka waste. When we use more ATP, more waste is produced
37
Increased a-VO2 Difference
During exercise, we require more oxygen to our muscles. Our muscles then use the oxygen so more oxygen is coming into the muscles (arteries brings in) than out of the muscles (veins take out)
38
Increased ATP Production in Mitochondria
Mitochondria is the site of aerobic energy production During exercise, increase in ATP resynthesis within the mitochondria
39
Increased Transport of Oxygen by Myoglobin
Myoglobin carries oxygen within the muscle During exercise there is an increase in oxygen being carried by myoglobin
40
ATP
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) is the energy currency of all body cells
41
Chemical Fuels
the chemicals that are required to resynthesise ATP - phosphocreatine - glycogen triglycerides
42
By products of the anaerobic glycolysis system
Lactate and H+ (hydrogen ions)
43
ATP - PC system
ADP (adenosine diphosphate) + PC (phosphocreatine) = ATP (adenosine triphosphate) + Creatine
44
Anaerobic Glycolysis System
ADP (adenosine diphosphate) + Glucose = ATP (adenosine triphosphate) + Pyruvic acid (which turns into lactate due to lack of O2)
45
Aerobic System
46
Rate
SPEED at which we get atp
47
Yield
How MUCH atp we get
48
Yield and Rate of ATP - PC
Fastest rate - simple chemical breakdowns Lowest yield - can't last long (10 sec worth)
49
Yield and Rate of Anaerobic Glycolysis
Fast rate - still somewhat simple chemical breakdowns Moderate yield - (2-3 atp)
50
Yield and Rate of Aerobic
Slow rate - complex chemical reactions to occur Highest yield - lots of ATP can be produced and last a long time
51
Glycolysis
the process of converting glycogen into glucose - enzymes help to break down glucose into pyruvic acid - then pyruvic acid is converted into lactic acid (without oxygen) - pyruvate cant find oxygen due to oxygen deficit
52
ATP - PC: Fuel Source Intensity Duration of activity
FUEL : - Phosphocreatine stored in the muscles - Obtained through diet and possibly supplements INTENSITY - maximal intensity: 85 - 95% MHR DURATION - At max intensity ATP depletes after 10 seconds
53
Anaerobic Glycolysis: Fuel Source Intensity Duration of activity
FUEL - Glycogen / glucose - stored in the muscle and small amount in the liver - obtained through eating carbs INTENSITY - high intensity, intermittent DURATION - 15 - 60 seconds
54
Aerobic System: Fuel Source Intensity Duration of activity
FUEL - Carbohydrates (glucose) - Fats (triglyercides and free fatty acids and glycerol)???????? - Proteins (amino acids) INTENSITY - rest , low, low - moderate DURATION - becomes dominant after 75 - 90 seconds - can last 90 + minutes
55
O2 consumption at rest
O2 supply = demand (steady state) due to low intensity
56
Oxygen consumption during exercise
experience of O2 deficit due to increased intensity body relies on anaerobic systems to produce ATP dependant on the type of activity, possibly enter steady state
57
O2 consumption after exercise
EPOC excess O2 is used to breakdown metabolic by-products accumulated during the time of O2 deficit during exercise
58
Cause of fatigue and Recovery: ATP - PC
- Depletion of PC stores - PASSIVE allows oxygen to break down ATP and provide energy to combine creatine and phosphate together 98% in 3 minutes
59
Cause of fatigue and Recovery: Anaerobic Glycolysis System
- accumulation of H+ (inhibits muscle contractions) ACTIVE - fastest way to clear lactate and hydrogen ions - reduce heart rate - replenishes oxygen levels - resynthesises high energy phosphates - prevents venous pooling (propelling blood back to the heart)
60
Cause of fatigue and Recovery: Aerobic System
- Depletion of glycogen - thermoregulatory (elevated body temp and dehydration) ACTIVE - accelerates the process of removing by-products that have accumulated - resynthesis of high-energy phosphates - replenishment of oxygen - replenishment of bodily fluids - replenishment of myoglobin (transports oxygen to mitochondria)

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