Unit 3 AOS 1 - Skill Acquisition Flashcards
skill acquisition principles
movement skills
skills involve s a sequence of movements with an objective, that are learn over time such as a tennis serve
fundamental movement skills
provides the basis for successful participation in a wide range of physical activity
sport specific skills
are advanced fundamental movement skills that are developed to achieve sport specific objectives
link between motor skills development and participation
people with higher levels of motor skills development
- perform better in physical activity
- have positive experience
- participate in greater levels of physical activity
- greater belief they can be successful and perform to a higher level in games and sports
Stability skills
balance and control of the body
locomotor skills
enables you to move through space
manipulative skills
controlling an objects
gross
recruitment of larger muscle groups and large parts of the body
less precise movement (kicking a football)
fine
recruitment of smaller muscle groups and small parts of the body
this is where accuracy and precision are required (dart throwing)
discrete
obvious beginning and end (kicking a ball)
serial
several discrete skills preformed in a sequence (triple jump - hop step, jump)
Continuous
no obvious start or end (marathon running)
open skills
are preformed in an unpredictable environment and the conditions are always changing and the performer has limited control
closed skills
predictable environment and the performer has control
cognitive stage
the learner dedicates lots of attention to understand skills and how to perform them
frequent and large errors
cant detect own errors (need a coach)
associative stage
consistently performs the basic of the skill
refine and replicate movement patterns of the skill
begins to understand why they made the error adopt
strategies to correct them
less attention for the skill, more attention on game environment
Autonomous
performance is automatic
little attention on skill execution
ability to maulti-task
attention is on game environment = more attention on tactical and strategic awareness and decision making
few error, high ability to detect and correct errors
socioculture factors - family
influence by driving their kids to and from practice and games
provide encouragement for environment in sports, can lead to significant impact on childs values and attitudes
socioculture factors - cultrual norms
influenced depending on their culture beliefs and can have barriers such as lanagues barriers making it harder for an individual to understand a skill
socioculture factors - peers
can influence the type of sport a child participates in and the skills developed
younger athletes are motviated by participating with friends or choose to play the sport that is most popular in their social group
socioculture factors - gender
influences sports picked based on stereotypes
girls are more likely to pick a sport like netball or gymnastics because they are considered more girly and are non contact sport where as boys are more likely to pick a sport like boxing or afl because they are considered masculine and because they have high levels of physicality and agression
socioculture factors - socioeconomic status
influenced by a families income, occupation and education levels
strong influence on the type of sports people play and skills they develop
higher economic status - rowing offered at private schools or elite university
lower economic status - rugby
part practice
breaks down skill into smaller part
practising parts of skills in isolation making it more assessable for a beginner learner
suited to discrete and serial skills
whole practice
practice the whole skill preferred when learner is proficient and for continuous skills
Distributed practice (distribution practice)
is more frequent but shorter training sessions
broken up into smaller practice intervals
rest periods allowing more time to take in instruction and reflect upon what they have learnt
good for learning new skills, complex skills,
massed practice (distribution practice)
training sessions that are longer in duration but less frequent
- little or no rest between repeat of performance skills
- useful to develop discrete skills, allowing to replicate efficient movement patterns
- helps maximise the time the learner spends actively practicing
blocked practice (variability of practice)
is more frequent but shorter training sessions
- used to practice same skill continually in isolation of other skills
- used to help understand and reproduce movement
- closed environment helps beginner to quickly replicate movement patterns
random practice (variability of practice)
varied sequence of different motor skills in one training session
greater learning compared to blocked practice on a retention test
feedback
is information the performer received about the outcome of the task they performed
can be intrinsic (internal) or argumented (external)
intrinsic feedback (internal)
performers own senses to asses performance such as visual auditory, proprioception and touch
argumented feedback (external)
is provided by an external source (coach)
enhances own intrinsic/ external feedback
knowledge of performance
characteristics of performing a task such as a succesful shots
knowledge of result
feedback on the outcome of task such as coach telling athlete to bend knees to take a shot)
Direct instruction
is about the skill
instructor driven mothods, effective at enhancing skill development in early stages of learning
- skills learnt is isolation
- explicit learning - explicit instructions
- clossed environment
direct instruction advantage
- learner keeps on task
- predictable closed environment to help in beginner stage of learning
- provided with a set of rules to make decisions
direct instruction - disadvantage
limited opportunity to make decisions
- limited opportunity to practice in variable environment and conditions
constraint based approach
learner driven
develops technical and tactical awareness in game like scenerios
intrinsic motivation
refers to motivation that comes from within (enjoyment and self worth)
extrinsic motivation
refers to motivation that is external (money, awards and recognition)
concentration
refers to the ability to focus on the task at hand and ignoring distractions
distractions can be
anxiety
skill error
weather
negative thoughts
