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Physiology and Biomechanics of Anaerobic Exercise > UNIT 3 and 4 > Flashcards

UNIT 3 and 4 Flashcards

1
Q

How do we replenish ATP?

A

ATP rysnthesis aka Rephosphoraltion

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2
Q

what are the two phosphagen energy systems?

A

Phopho creatine and Myokinase reaction

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3
Q

Phosphagen systems happen in ____

A

the cytoplasm

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4
Q

The purpose of the breakdown of phosphocreatine (PCr) is to supply energy for the _____ of ATP

A

resynthesis

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5
Q

What are the products of the phosphocreatine system?

A

Creatine, Free energy (ATP), inorganic phosphate

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6
Q

The concentrations of reactants or products in solution will drive the directions of the reactions

A

mass action effect

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7
Q

Increase in ADP does what to Pi and CK activity

A

increase

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8
Q

Increase in ATP does what what to CK activity

A

decrease

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9
Q

PCr system resynthesizes ATP for about ___ - ___ secs

A

3-15 seconds

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10
Q

ADP + ADP <=> ATP+AMP

A

myokinase reaction

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11
Q

_____ is a powerful stimulator of other energy systems

A

AMP

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12
Q

There needs to be a lot ADP around for this system to happen

A

myokinae reaction

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13
Q

___ is need for force production in muscle and for relaxation of the muscle

A

ATP

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14
Q

Rate Limiting Enzyme for Glycolysis

A

Phoshphofructokinase

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15
Q

Increased AMP, ADP, and Pi mean PFK activity

A

increases

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16
Q

Increased ATP, PCr, and H+ ___ PFK activity

A

decrease

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17
Q

_____ compounds give up electrons

A

oxidized

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18
Q

____ Compound accepts electrons

A

reduced

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19
Q

What are the two important oxidizing agents

A

NAD and FAD

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20
Q

NADH oxidizes pryruvate turning it into

A

Lactic acid or lactate

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21
Q

An increase in muscle lactate concentration….

A

Decrease muscle pH
Decrease key enzyme activity - Myosin ATPase, CK, PFK, etc.
Decrease Ca++-Troponin binding, crossbridge formation
Decrease muscle force production - fatigue

22
Q

Lactate removal is done by

A

uptake/ oxidation by heart, liver, and kidneys

23
Q

Reduced rate of lactate removal, recruitment of fast twitch-fibers, accelerated glycolysis, low muscle oxygen causes this happen

A

lactate threshold

24
Q

Lactic ____ results in muscle fatigue and reduced performance

A

acidosis

25
Q

Anaerobic glycolysis last for ___ - ____ min as the ____ energy system

A

2-3 min, primary

26
Q

This cycle dumps lactate into the blood and then uptaked by liver then liver turns lactate into pyruvate then to gluconeogenesis

A

Cori

27
Q

What is fatigue?

A

reduces a person’s ability to complete a task due to decreased force, decrease RFD in creased time. exercise induced reduction in muscle performance

28
Q

What is recovery

A

the compensation of deficit states of an organisms. the establishment of the initial state

29
Q

What is is EIMD

A

Exercise-induced muscle damage aka fatigue

30
Q

why is knowing fatigue important

A

Injuries, dropping out, no progression

31
Q

What are the 4 stages of EIMD?

A
  1. Initial
  2. Autogenic
  3. Phagocytic
  4. Regenerative
32
Q

Describe 1. Initial stage of EIMD

A

Mechanical: High TENSION
Damage to force-bearing & force-generating structures
Damage to sarcolemma
Damage to SR
Damage to myofibrillar structures
Metabolic Events
High Temp.
Insufficient ATP Production
Free Radical Production
Lowered pH

33
Q

Describe 2. Autogenic of EIMD

A

(clean-up crew further breaks down what is broken- proteases, & attracts immune cells)

34
Q

Describe 3 Phagocytotic Phase

A

Phagocytic phase (immune cells clean-up bacteria)

35
Q

Describe 4 Regenerative Phase

A

Regenerative Phase(cell nuclei & of other satellite cells activate genes for protein synthesis)

36
Q

What activates Satellite Cells?

A

Inflammmation

37
Q

NSAID maybe bad for recovery

A

NSAIDs (inhibits some benefits of supercompensation during recovery - less protein synthesis and satellite cell activation due to less inflammatory response)

38
Q

What works as recovery?

A

Sleep, light massage, nutrition, hydration

39
Q

What 2 things are needed for a muscle to produce force?

A

Calcium and energy (ATP)

40
Q

Reduction in ___ likely has very large role in causing fatigue

A

Ca++

41
Q

___ affects amount of total Ca++ release and reuptake

A

Pi

42
Q

Increases in ___ affect sensitivity of troponin

A

Pi

43
Q

___ ___ decrease Ca++ release and sensitivity

A

free radicals

44
Q

___ slows down glycolysis and reduces ATP production

A

Acidity

45
Q

What changes would you expect as a result of the Bosco Test?

A

Reduces How quickly off the ground
Reduces How long you spend in the air (jump height)
Reduces peak force
Reduces muscular preactivation
Reduces average activation during the jump
Increases how long it takes to get from the lowest COM position to off the ground

46
Q

How are muscles recruited during the 60 second Bosco Test

A

Type I → Type IIa →Type IIx (think the theory of muscle recruitment), and Type I inevitably take over since Type 2 fades out, Motor units: start recruiting larger pools to increase force production until they fatigue

47
Q

Why does preactivation go down the longer you jump?

A

The more the muscle is being used the more it will become fatigued thus power output will begin to decrease (afferent nerves, sensing fatigue, inform CNS to drop rate of motor unit firing, thus decreasing pre-activation)

48
Q

Adaptation of skeletal muscle to chronic stimuli

A

Myoplasticity

49
Q

Adaptations to Strength Training

A

Increase strength
Increase muscle size
Increase in contractile and regulatory proteins
Increase size and tensile strength of tendons and ligaments
Increase bone mineral content (BMC)
Increase anaerobic biochemical capability
ATP, CrP, muscle glycogen, glycolytic enzymes

50
Q

Neural Adaptations to Resistance Training

A

Increased Motor Unit Activation (#)
Increased firing rate (rate coding/freq of activation)
Motor unit synchronization (intra-muscular coordination
Effect of learning (inter-muscular coordination)
Reduced antagonist activation
Disinhibition (GTO)

Physiology and Biomechanics of Anaerobic Exercise (3 decks)

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