Unit 3 - Africa Flashcards
Africa is the ______ largest continent in the world
second
What is Africa bordered by?
Atlantic Ocean
Mediterranean Sea
Red Sea
Indian Ocean
How many countries are in Africa?
54
How many languages are spoken in Africa?
900-1500
What is Madagascar useful for?
Remedies for various diseases/disorders
Who gave Africa its name? What could it mean?
Romans; sunny, without cold
What is the largest desert?
The Sahara
What does sahara mean in Arabic?
desert
How large is the Sahara?
3320000 sq mi
What is the longest river? How large is it?
The Nile; 4000 miles long
More than ____ of Egyptians depended on the Nile for water
95%
The Eastern part of Africa is ________
pulling away
How large is the coffee and lumber industry in Africa?
10% of the world’s coffee supply, African nations rank #8 in the world in lumber supply rate
How many Africans participate in agriculture?
2/3s of them
How many people live in Africa?
1.216 billion
Where did the first people live?
Africa
Does Africa have A LOT of natural resources/minerals?
YES!!!
What is imperialism?
Invading another country looking for extra land
What is colonialism?
Invading another country for the invader’s own good
What did Europeans do in 1885? What was the event called?
Divided Africa without regard to linguistic groups; put enemies together; Berlin Conference
Why couldn’t Africa stop the Berlin Conference?
Europe had weapons
What did Europeans destroy?
Religions, cultures, languages; made them follow European religions and cultures and speak European languages
What was life like under King Leopold II’s rule?
Horrible; held people hostage, made them work
SA is the __________________________________
most developed country in Africa
SA has a __________ and rich ______
mild climate; rich soil
Many ___________ grow well in SA
cash crops
SA has a wide variety of ________ and it attracts many tourists
wildlife
What are the main 4 ethnic groups in SA?
White, black, colored, asian/indian
Who are the Boers?
Farmers
When did SA gain independence?
1910
The _______________ (name of act) began land segregation
Land Act of 1913
In 1948, whites ruled under the policy called–
Apartheid (apart-I’d)
Whites Only signs appeared when?
1948
Who had it the worst during apartheid? Why?
Blacks; had to live in homelands/townships, no voting, no power
The ________________ (name of act) prevented blacks from learning ___________ in schools
Bantu Education Act of 1953; math and science
Blacks were ____________ to whites
cheap labor
Blacks could not _______________________________
move freely throughout the country
What is the Soweto Uprising?
Protests against apartheid
In 1989, an Afrikaner named ____________ became president of South Africa
F.W. de Klerk
Klerk realized ______ was necessary to get rid of apartheid
peace
In 1990, Klerk freed ___________________ who had been imprisoned for 30 years
Nelson Mandela
By ________ , apartheid laws had ended
1991
Why did apartheid end?
Many countries refused to trade with South Africa
Protests, violence, and unrest plaguing South Africa
Klerk and Mandela won the ____________________ in 1993
Nobel Peace Prize
In 1994, ________________ could have political power
all blacks
What was the political party that overwhelmed SA?
African National Congress
Who was SA’s first black president?
Nelson Mandela
Under Mandela’s presidency, they established the _______________________________
Truth and Reconciliation Commission
What does reconciliation mean?
Ending conflict between groups
When did Mandela die? How old was he?
December 5, 2013; 95
In 2001, blacks took home more than ______ of all income
half
In 1998, the gov’t passed the _____________________ (name of act)
Employment Equity Act
Despite changes, many South Africans still lack jobs
Not enough ________ are being created to everyone who wants one
_______________ has also led to an increase in poverty
In ________, half of all South Africans did not make enough money to take care of their basic needs
new jobs; slow economic growth; 2005
What was education like for blacks during apartheid?
Bad, couldn’t learn math or science
What is SA’s rugby team called?
The Springboks
What is an enterprise?
A company/business
What is a micro-enterprise?
A small company/business
What is an entrepreneur?
Someone who starts a company/business
What is a micro-entrepreneur?
Someone who starts a small company/business
Does Africa have gender-based division of labor?
YES!!!
Men typically __________ while women typically ____________
work/earn money; take care of the family
In 2002, about ________ of African women over the age of _______ could not ________
50%; 15; read
Many women find jobs in the _____________
Informal economy
The IE is _____________________________
a place to exchange goods without much gov’t control
_____________________________________ are needed in Africa to help women get started with their own business
Microcredit organizations that give micro-loans
When women earn money in the IE or micro-entrepreneurship, they can–
- Send kids to school
- Create jobs for their community
When women take microloans, they often get out of poverty in ____ years
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