Unit 3

Question 1

Which social cleavages do Russian and China have in common?

a. Religion
b. Social Class
c. Nationality
d. Urban vs. Rural
e. Ethnicity

Answer 1

All

Question 2

When Mao Zedong’s Communist party overthrew the KMT, they were forced :

a. invade Manchuria
b. to flee to Taiwan
c. to surrender and many were executed for their disloyality
d. to retreat in what became known as “The Long March.”
e. to pledge their allegiance to the CCP

Answer 2

b. to flee to Taiwan

Question 3

Higher ranking leaders would identify promising lower level members for promotion. This is called:

a. statism
b. glastnost
c. Nashi
d. democratic centralism
e. nomenklatura

Answer 3

e. nomenklatura

Question 4

Nationalism is an identity that was influential during Maoist China and remains important:

True or False

Answer 4

True

Question 5

Former Soviet satellites and republics that seek membership in NATO or the European Union face:

a. no challenges towards membership as these organizations are eager to gain opponents against Russia
b. resistance from both international organizations due to their ongoing ties with Russia
c. no resistance from Russia as Russia too is eager to join both NATO and the European Union
d. stiff resistance from Russia, who uses natural gas exports as a tool of control
e. competition from Russia as they are looking to be the first former Soviet Republic t join

Answer 5

d. stiff resistance from Russia, who uses natural gas exports as a tool of control

Question 6

The Chinese Revolution of 1949 left behind:

a. political tension and division between mainland China and Taiwan
b. contentious leadership transitions within the CCP
c. peaceful coexistence between mainland China and Taiwan
d. a lasting relationship between Russia and China

Answer 6

a. political tension and division between mainland China and Taiwan

Question 7

The following policies have been implemented under Vladimir Putin except:

a. shock therapy
b. aggressive military stance with former soviet states
c. a reduction in the power of regional governments
d. criminal prosecution of political opponents
e. limitations on media time for opponents of Putin

Answer 7

a. shock therapy

Question 8

Russia’s system of asymmetric federalism refers to:

a. all answers are incorrect
b. the different populations in varying Russian republics
c. the imbalance of power between the national government and the local governments
d. the lack of leadership at the national level to control the regional governments
e. individual regional governments in Russia have varying degrees of autonomy

Answer 8

e. individual regional governments in Russia have varying degrees of autonomy

Question 9

Following the death of Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping enacted a number of reforms to liberalize and grow the Chinese economy, which were summarized as:

a. Special Economic Zones
b. Four Modernizations
c. Industry Reform
d. Opening of China
e. the Gang of Four

Answer 9

Special Economic Zones

“Deng created a series of Special Economic Zones, including Shenzhen, Zhuhai and Xiamen, for foreign investment that were relatively free of the bureaucratic regulations and interventions that hampered economic growth. These regions became engines of growth for the national economy”.

Question 10

China has particular concerns about separatist movements, especially amon (choose all that apply):

a. Han
b. Taiwan
c. Uighurs
d. Tibetans

Answer 10

Uighurs and Tibetans

Question 11

During the Cultural Revolution, China moved from an authoritarian state into a totalitarian state.

True or False?

Answer 11

True

Question 12

The dominant religion in Russia is:

a. Zoroastrianism
b. Russian Orthodoxy
c. Christian
d. agnostic
e. Muslim

Answer 12

Russian Orthodoxy

Question 13

Maoism emphasizes communication between part leaders, members, and peasants. This is known as:

a. Struggle and activism
b. Mass Line
c. Collectivism
d. Guanxi
e. Personality cult

Answer 13

Mass Line

Question 14

The Constitutional Court in Russia:

a. holds the power to interpret the Constitution and exercise judicial review against laws and presidential decrees found to be unconstitutional
b. holds the power to interpret the Constitution, but cannot challenge presidential decrees
c. has 115 judges who are nominated by the president and confirmed by the Federation Council
d.

Answer 14

a. holds the power to interpret the Constitution and exercise judicial review against laws and presidential decrees found to be unconstitutional

Question 15

The Constitutional Court in Russia:

a. holds the power to interpret the Constitution and exercise judicial review against laws and presidential decrees found to be unconstitutional
b. holds the power to interpret the Constitution, but cannot challenge presidential decrees
c. has 115 judges who are nominated by the president and confirmed by the Federation Council
d. is the court of last resort as it is the last place a legal dispute may be settled
e. has 9 members who are appointed by the president and confirmed by the Federation Council

Answer 15

a. holds the power to interpret the Constitution and exercise judicial review against laws and presidential decrees found to be unconstitutional

Question 16

Russia’s population is shrinking due to which of the following? (choose all that apply)

a. two-child policy
b. low birthrates
c. high infant mortality rates
d. alcoholism

Answer 16

b. low birthrates

d. alcoholism

Question 17

What major difference can be identified between Mao’s Great Leap Forward and Stalin’s Five Year Plan?

a. There were no differences as Mao used Stalin’s plan to implement his own
b. The Soviet modernization led to famine
c. The Great Leap Forward led to economic growth unlike the Five Year Plan
d. Mao relied on skilled employees and centralized production
e. Mao relied on untrained communes and decentralized production

Answer 17

e. Mao relied on untrained communes and decentralized production

Question 18

Stalin labeled the wealthy peasant landowners as oligarchs.

True or False?

Answer 18

False

Question 19

The president of China and the president of Russia act as the ceremonial head of state.

True or False?

Answer 19

True

Question 20

Civil society in China:

a. is encouraged by the government
b. is limited to state-created organizations
c. is banned by the government and does not exist
d. has grown in recent years
e. is largely nonexistent in recent years

Answer 20

d. has grown in recent years

Question 21

Following policies by Gorbachev that intended to open and liberalize the Soviet Union:

a. The Communist Party led a coup d’etat to remove newly-appointed Russian president, Boris Yeltsin from office.
b. The Soviet Union collapsed.
c. The Soviet Republics each elected their own presidents who worked with Gorbachev to further reforms.
d. The Red Army was mobilized to put down any resistance movements against Gorbachev’s policy initiatives

Answer 21

b. The Soviet Union collapsed.

Question 22

Russia’s integration into the globalized economy was halted due to:

a. Russia’s global internet spying and abuse
b. economic sanctions placed on the west by Russia
c. Russian military interventions in Georgia and the Ukraine
d. Russia’s relationship with China
e. Russia’s annexation of Crimea

Answer 22

e. Russia’s annexation of Crimea

Question 23

Mao Zedong’s Great Leap Forward resulted in:

a. famine and a decline in the economy
b. established legitimacy of CCP rule
c. growth in the Chinese economy and military
d. increased agricultural growth and economic gain
e. private sector success

Answer 23

a. famine and a decline in the economy

Question 24

Civil society in Russia is tightly managed under the leadership of the United Russia Party.

True or False?

Answer 24

False

Question 25

Under Vladimir Lenin’s New Economic Policy, peasant farmers:

a. were forced to give up property rights to the state
b. faced considerable economic losses in the countryside
c. gave their property rights to the state, but were able to still earn a profit on the sale of their produce
d. were allowed private property ownership of their land and were able to earn profits on the sales of their produce
e. made a mass exodus into urban areas

Answer 25

d. were allowed private property ownership of their land and were able to earn profits on the sales of their produce

Question 26

The Russian Constitution of 1993 was ratified:

a. following pressures made by the president to the legislature to do so
b. through a national referendum
c. under the guidance of Gorbachev
d. by a 2/3 vote of Russia’s 83 regions
e. by the president alone, without the support of the people

Answer 26

b. through a national referendum

Question 27

“Vladimir Putin perfectly understood the power of the media that helped propel his famously unpopular predecessor Boris Yeltsin into power in 1996. So the first thing he did after assuming the presidency in 2000 was to force all the major TV channels—still the most powerful medium in the country—to submit to his will. Oligarch owners were either co-opted, jailed or exiled, and by 2006 most major Russian media were either directly or indirectly under Putin’s administration’s control.

“Today, the three major Russian TV channels are either directly owned by the state, operating as state enterprises . . . or owned by a subsidiary of one of Russia’s largest oil and gas companies. . . .

“Members of Putin’s administration . . . control the political coverage and decide both what foreign and domestic policies are to be covered, and how and, more importantly, what is not to be covered.

“The editors-in-chief of all the major media in Russia attend regular ‘strategy meetings’ with Putin’s staffers.

“. . . Today, the Russian state employs both hard and soft power to further its grip on the country’s media. New restrictive laws are passed with dispiriting predictability: foreign media franchise owners are forced out of their stakes in international brands . . . fines and other penalties are introduced for not covering controversial subjects such as terrorism and drug abuse in terms that ‘do not explicitly discourage the behaviour.’ Independent outlets are threatened into self-censorship and choked of the things they need to survive—such as cable services or access to print shops—if they don’t comply.

“And this in turn opens up more possibilities to manipulate coverage through more conventional means, such as access bias.

“Putin’s office has become expert at manipulating the agenda. Bits of trivial information are spoonfed to reporters through ‘informed sources familiar with the matter’—and even critical outlets end up promoting the Kremlin’s line by reporting what is essentially non-news.”

Copyright Guardian News & Media Ltd 2019

Which of the following best describes the author’s perspective?

A The Russian media lacks the independence it needs to hold President Putin accountable.

B International organizations are influential in setting the Russian news agenda.

C Russian television stations are privately controlled and mostly anti-Putin.

D Oligarchs still own more media outlets than the government.

Answer 27

The Russian media lacks the independence it needs to hold President Putin accountable.

Question 28

Which of the following best describes the author’s claim in the passage?

A The editors-in-chief of the major media outlets meet frequently with one another to decide what stories to cover.

B The Russian media frequently manipulate documents and news stories that Putin officials submit to them.

C Members of the Putin administration decide what foreign and domestic policies will be covered by the media.

D Putin learned from the mistakes of Yeltsin and allowed the media to be owned by oligarchs rather than the government.

Answer 28

C Members of the Putin administration decide what foreign and domestic policies will be covered by the media.

Question 29

According to the passage, which of the following describes a way that the Putin government influences independent outlets?

A. The Russian government often supports independent outlets by giving them cable services and access to print shops.

B. The Russian government imposes fines and penalties for not covering controversial subjects correctly.

C. The Russian government removes restrictive laws so that independent outlets have more local authority to report news.

D. The Russian government strategizes with independent television media sources to create mutually beneficial news stories.

Answer 29

B. The Russian government imposes fines and penalties for not covering controversial subjects correctly.