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Enviro 1000 > Unit 3 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Biodiversity

A

Variety of life in all its forms, levels, and combinations within an area
-linked to goods and services we rely on

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2
Q

Four fronts of diversity

A
  • Landscapes
  • Ecosystems/habitats
  • Species and three components (evenness, richness, and dominance)
  • Gene pool
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3
Q

Why is Wildlife (Biodiversity) Important?

A
  1. Economic Well-Being
    - Money made from the goods and services
  2. Ecosystem Services (Life Support)
    - Provides life and allows for survival
  3. Cultural Value
    - Landscape around us tell us who we are
  4. Recreational Value
    - Exploring nature
  5. Scientific value
    - Pursuit of knowledge about nature
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4
Q

Keystone Species

A
  • Species of group of species whose impact on its ecosystem is much larger and more influential that would be expected
  • If species is removed or caused to decrease in abundance, there is an unexpected substantial change in the structure and function of the ecosystem
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5
Q

Population Growth rate

A

the percentage increase in a population over a period of time

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6
Q

doubling time

A

the time needed for a population to double its size assuming the growth rate remains the same

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7
Q

exponential growth

A
  • increases by a fixed percentage over time
  • characteristic of small rapidly growing species
  • requires ideal environmental conditions to promote the rapid growth
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8
Q

leg phase

A
  • flat part of exponential growth

- have to adjust to the environment

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9
Q

logistic growth pattern

A

-population first grows at exponential rate but then slows as environmental factors become limiting

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10
Q

carrying capacity

A
  • the number of individuals remains relatively constant
  • largest population that can be sustained indefinitely without degrading resources and jeopardizing availability for future generations
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11
Q

population crash

A

extreme damage caused on the environment, population drives itself to die

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12
Q

invasive species

A
  • organisms that are not native to a region that when introduced, either intentionally or accidentally, out-compete native species for available resources
  • major contributing factor to species extinction
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13
Q

So why are IAS Important?

A
  • Attack all the aspects of sustainable environment

- Ecological changes, economic losses, health concerns, recreational losses

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14
Q

Ecological changes

A
  • Prey on native species, compete for food and breeding space
  • Disrupt food webs, and introduce new pathogens
  • Contribute to a loss of species biodiversity
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15
Q

Economic losses

A
  • Impacts to commercial and consumptive interests

- Costs to fix the impacts are huge

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16
Q

Health concerns

A

-Introduction of human pathogens and their vectors

17
Q

Recreational losses

A

-Affects human enjoyment and use of the environment

18
Q

Anthropocene Era

A

Humans are responsible for the 6th mass extinction of biodiversity

19
Q

Major Threats to Biodiversity

A
  • Hunting, poaching and overfishing
  • Air, water, and soil pollution
  • Loss of habitat and fragmentation of existing habitat
    • Cutting down forests, breaking up existing habitats
  • Climate change
  • Introduced species that share the same ecological niche and able to outcompete
  • Human population and overconsumption
20
Q

Why are Some Species More Vulnerable Than Others?

A
  • Long Lived and Delayed Maturity
  • Low Reproductive Rates
  • Limited Habitat Availability and Challenged to Establish New Locations
  • Breed in Colonies
  • Specific Requirements at Life Stages
  • Niche specialization
21
Q

Internationally

A
  • International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN)

- Convention on Biological Diversity

22
Q

Canada

A
  • Biodiversity Strategy
  • Species at Risk Act (SARA)**
  • Provincially (Locally) – in Manitoba
    • Endangered Species Act
23
Q

International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN)

A
  • Tracks, reports and assists to evaluate the status of species and overall a barometer of the health of the biosphere
  • Called the Red List
  • Reference for policy making, adhere to species that have been identified
24
Q

Convention on International Trade 
in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)

A
  • international trade in specimens of wild animals and plants does not threaten the survival of the species in the wild
  • Illegal poaching and trade across the borders
25
Q

Canada’s Species At Risk 
Act (SARA)

A
  • To prevent Canadian indigenous species, subspecies, and distinct populations from becoming extirpated or extinct
  • To provide for recovery of endangered or threatened species
  • To encourage management of other species to prevent them from becoming at risk
26
Q

SARA Categories

A
  • Extinct
  • Extirpated
  • Endangered
  • Threatened
  • Special Concern
27
Q

Extinct

A

A species that no longer exists

28
Q

Extirpated

A

A species no longer existing in the wild in Canada, but occurring elsewhere

29
Q

Endangered

A

A species facing imminent extirpation or extinction

30
Q

Threatened

A

A species likely to become endangered if limiting factors are not reversed

31
Q

Special Concern

A

A species particularly sensitive to human activities or natural events

32
Q

RENEW Canada Program (Recovery of Nationally Endangered Wildlife in Canada)

A
  • A key component of SARA is to develop a strategy to assist a species to recover in population size.
  • a unique piece of legislation to Canada
33
Q

Woodland Caribou Status

A

-Threatened species

34
Q

Woodland Caribou Biological Features

A
  • Low reproductive rate
  • Poor competitor with the deer and moose
  • Competitors are vectors for parasite (brain worm-deer carry but only affects the caribou)
  • Ecological disturbance (can’t adapt well to disturbance, utilize the same places)
    • Use islands for calving, use forests, use open areas
  • Wolves are the predator
35
Q

Woodland Caribou Habitat Requirements

A
  • 65% of the boreal forest has to be in tact to support the caribou
  • Affinity for a certain environment
  • Migration corridors are fragile and heavily relied on
36
Q

Woodland Caribou Types of Research

A
  • Indigenous knowledge from elders and communities
    • Historically describe features of the populations of caribou in the past
  • Western Science
37
Q

Woodland Caribou Human Conflict/Influences

A
  • Fragment of the habitat (roads and highways)
  • Easy access of competitors and predators (via roads and highways)
  • Illegal hunting
  • Forest fires make them vulnerable (natural and human made)
    • Pattern of fires to lessen the impact
  • Protected areas
    • No human development
  • No logging, hydro development, mining (oil and gas)
    • Protect winter areas for herd for calving
  • Improve forestry management in harvesting techniques, modify their techniques
  • Decommissioned roads (reduced the number), limited convenient access with gates
  • Lichen production, enhancing the habitat by allowing more sunlight for higher production
38
Q

Woodland Caribou Stakeholders

A
  • Biologists
  • Industry (forestry people)
  • Indigenous knowledge keepers
  • Government
  • ENGOs (non government organizations for the environment, represent the common people)

Enviro 1000 (11 decks)

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