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Ab Psych > Unit 3 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

illness anxiety disorder (FRM: hypochondriasis)

A

unrealistically interpret bodily symptoms as signs of a serious illness- chronic anxiety/ preocupation- symptoms change as body changes
DC: - physical symptoms due to mild condition disproportionate to anxity
-can experience almost panic state
-repeated medical visits/ checking body
-worry despite assurances
-often aware that fear is exaggerated, not delusional
-1-5%
-treatments= antidepressants, tricyclic and SSRI- CBT and ERP used

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2
Q

conversion disorder (aka. functional neurological symptom disorder)

A

people experiencing a physical symptom without cause- neurological symptoms
-symptoms are REAL- not delusional, usually start suddenly in time of stress
-at least 1/3 of primary care visits involve unexplained symptoms
-historically, it was believed that psych trouble was CONVERTED Into physical illness (freud)
DC= 1+ symptom involving altered motor or sensory function, inconsistent with real physical disorder, symptoms are inexplicable by medicine, distress/ dysfunct

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3
Q

la belle indifference

A

patient sometimes dismisses the symptoms as minor, though they are incapacitated, NOT part of the DC

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4
Q

somatic symptom disorder

A

disproportionate and persistent concern about seriousness of one’s physical symptom- NOT neuro symptoms; often has history of large number of medical appts. (predominant pain and somatization subtypes)
-anxiety about illness, but symptoms are real and severe and physical with SSD> IAD

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5
Q

malingering

A

NOT an actual disorder- motivated by external incentives

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6
Q

factitious disorder (munchausens)

A

DC: intentionally produced physical or psych symptoms, person is motivated by internal incentives, may undergo multiple procedures, may have history of travel and different hospitals, person creates additional symptoms when test yields negatives
-can be imposed on self or another

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7
Q

psych factors affecting medical

A

coping, maladapt health behavior, stress etc can increase chance of MI

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8
Q

psychosis

A

severe disturbance in one’s experience of reality- difficult to discern what is real

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9
Q

positive symptoms

A

distortions or excess of normal behavior

-delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, abnormal motor behavior

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10
Q

negative symptoms

A

functioning below normal level

-avolition, affect flattening, alogia, anhedonia, sociality

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11
Q

delusion

A

deeply held, false belief (grandeur, persecution, somatic…)

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12
Q

disorganized speech

A

loose association, tangentiality, incoherence, neologisms

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13
Q

abnormal motor behavior (positive symptoms)

A

catatonic, agitation, staring, tick, bizarre/ purposeless movements

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14
Q

avolition

A

lack of self motivation

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15
Q

affect flattening

A

decreased emotional expression

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16
Q

alogia

A

poverty of speech- decreased speaking/ mute

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17
Q

anhedonia

A

decreased pleasure

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18
Q

schizophrenia

A

DC: 2+ active phase symptoms, at least one must be hall or delusion and present for significant portion of one month

  • symptoms must last at least 6 months with one month active phase
  • not due to subs use
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19
Q

schiz stats

A

10-25 year reduction in life expectancy due to suboptimal lifestyles and antipsychotic drug side effects
- affect less than 1% pop (equal males and females)
1/3 homeless pop has severe mental illness

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20
Q

DA hypothesis

A

overactive DA in schiz leads to positive symptoms

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21
Q

brain abnormalities

A 
increased synaptic pruning
increased ventricle size
decreased white matter
shrinkage of frontal and temporal lobe
--flu exposure during second trimester
22
Q

expressed emotion

A

extent to which close family members express negative attitudes towards the patient during private interview- hostile and critical
-4x more likely to relapse if in environment with EE

23
Q

brief psychotic disorder

A

at least one psychotic symptom present for 1-30 days
-sudden onset (within 2 weeks)= reactive psychosis due to the nature of the disorder to be in response to something
(peripartum onset/ post partum response)

24
Q

schizophreniform disorder

A

same symptoms as schiz, shorter duration (symptoms= 1-6 mo)… 2/3 will develop schiz
-those most likely to recove= no negative symptoms, sudden onset, and good functioning before the disorder presentation

25
Q

schizoaffective disorder

A

combo of schiz and mood episodes at the same time (2-5 symptoms of schiz with a depressive or manic episode)
females>males

26
Q

delusional disorder

A

just one symptom of psychosis= delusions for 1+ mo

  • .2% prev
  • common delusions= erotomanic, grandiose, paranoid, somatic
27
Q

milieu therapy

A

humanistic approach- creating safe social environment with independence and responsibilities
-Maxwell jones

28
Q

token economy

A

identify target behavior, token as reinforcer

**requires consistent application

29
Q

antipsychotic drugs

A

1950s= 1st generation= neuroleptics (1954= thorazine/ chlorpromazine), work on positive symptoms- d2 receptors
-unwanted side effects= tardive dyskinesia
2nd gen= atypicals= clokaril/ dispersal- help reduce positive and negative symptoms with less side effects- metabolic Side effects= higher BP/ cholesterol and weight gain
** reduce symptoms in 65% people, but 75% stop taking meds within 18 mo

30
Q

extrapyramidal syndrome

A

involuntary movement problems- may be reversible or irreversible

31
Q

new wave CBT

A

mindfulness meditation to gain distance from symptoms

32
Q

ACT

A

cost effective way to provide community based care- small case loads, assertive outreach- interdisciplinary team approach
-voluntary

33
Q

AOT

A

court ordered and often time constrained

-40 to 60% schiz receive no treatment at all in a given year

34
Q

paranoid PD

A

pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others- not usually delusional- hypersensitive and hold grudges
4% pop
-attachment issues

35
Q

schizoid PD

A

persistent avoidance of social relationships bc they don’t want them- socially isolated, loners, may be awkward
1% pop. men>women

36
Q

schizotypal PD

A

schiz-like, but like prodromal stage and still in contact with reality- peculiar thought patterns, oddities of perception, difficulty with conversation
2-4% pop. men>women

37
Q

antisocial PD

A

persistently violate other’s rights- lack of empathy
DC: must be 18yo, with history of conduct disorder as child and violation of rights behavior (3)
40-75% of prison pop meets criteria
males> females
2-3% pop

38
Q

maturation hypothesis

A

suggests that people are better able to manage their behavior with age (reduced impulsivity)

39
Q

borderline PD

A

great instability- prone to anger and aggression or directed at self harm
suicidal or self harm is a major symptom

40
Q

dialectic behavioral therapy (DBT)

A

recognizes need for such clients to enhance emotional and behavioral self regulation- modified CBT for borderline PD
=intensive 1:1 and group therapy

41
Q

histrionic PD

A

extremely emotional and seek to be center of attention- shifting and shallow emotions- engage in attn seeking behavior

42
Q

narcissistic PD

A

extreme grandiosity, need for excessive admiration, entitlement, lack empathy
50-75% men, 1% adults

43
Q

avoidant PD

A

avoid social relationships- sense of social inferiority and inadequacy
-get lonely and WANT relationships

44
Q

dependent PD

A

excessive dependence on others- cannot make small decisions for themselves and difficulty with separation- feel lonely
-comorbid= eating disorders, suicide, and anxiety

45
Q

obsessive compulsive PD

A

pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionistic, mental and interpersonal control

  • may be inflexible about morals, excessively devoted to work
  • cognitive therapy and SSRIs are best
46
Q

ASD

A

refers to 4 previously different disorders
DC= deficits in communication, restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior, and symptoms must be present in early development period
80% boys, 1/68 of pop
genetics= strong connection
-tend NOT to learn via observation or modeling
treatment= applied behavior analysis (modeling training) or augmented communication symptoms

47
Q

Aspergers from DSM IV

A

significant impairment in social interaction, but no demonstrated language deficiency as in ASD

48
Q

intellectual disability

A

3% pop worldwide- higher rates in low income areas
DC= early dev onset, adaptive and intellect deficiency
mild= 85% Individuals with ID- able to learn up to 6th grade level (“concrete learners”)

49
Q

VABS

A

assessing adaptive function when ASD or ID is suspected

50
Q

ADHD

A

symptoms of inattention AND/ OR hyperactivity

  • symptoms onset before age 12
  • impairment seen in 2 settings
  • 7% kids, 70% boys
  • symptoms of hyperactivity are less obvious in adolescence/ adulthood (fidget)
51
Q

type I vs II attention processes

A

I= involuntary control, focusing attn on unexpected occurrences in surroundings
II= voluntarily controlled, effortful focus of attention
-in ADHD, may have difficulty overriding the type I response

52
Q

stimulants on ADHD

A

stimulants work for 70-80% ADHD kids, they help bc they increase the release of NTs, BUT slow the reuptake (increased ability to focus)

Ab Psych (4 decks)

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