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Ab Psych > Unit 2 (terms and DCs) > Flashcards

Unit 2 (terms and DCs) Flashcards

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1
Q

beta blockers

A

help with the physical symptoms of social anxiety disorder- not habit forming

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2
Q

SSRIs

A
  • help 80% panic disorder patients
  • long term treatment
  • after few years, 25% find it no longer alleviates symptoms of depression
  • 6 mo to year of taking it for best results
  • hardest to overdose and fewest side effects (side effects come after discontinuation)= most commonly prescribed
  • (can trigger manic episode if given to BP patient)
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3
Q

ERP

A

exposure to stressor, discussion on tactic to handle it= best for OCD

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4
Q

localized amnesia

A

complete amnesia for a specific period of time (trauma)

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5
Q

selective amnesia

A

partial loss of memory during a specific period of time

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6
Q

generalized amnesia

A

begins with particular event and extends back in time

-wandering

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7
Q

arousal and fear paths

A

sympathetic NS

hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal pathway

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8
Q

major depressive episode

A

2 weeks for diagnosis

-40% who’ve had DE with exp another episode in life

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9
Q

manic episode

A

1 week or hospitalization

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10
Q

hypomanic episode

A

4 days

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11
Q

MDD

A

-18% lifetime prev
-85% symptom free within year (w/o therapy)
-2x risk if 1st degree relative has one
monoamine= depletion in Its causes MDD
**depressive episode must last 2 weeks for diagnosis

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12
Q

PDD

A

depressive episode must last 2 years, fewer symptoms

-1/10 develop MDD

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13
Q

BP I

A

1 week or hospital for diagnosis

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14
Q

BP II

A

4 days of elevated mood WITH depressive crash for diagnosis

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15
Q

Lewisohn’s behavioral therapy

A

most effective for helping mild MDD if coupled with 2 other techniques

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16
Q

MAOIs

A

help 50% of people with depression, but lead to dietary restrictions due to increase in BP

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17
Q

tricyclic ADs

A

dry mouth and constipation, but help 60% with depression and no BP increase

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18
Q

psychotherapy as MDD treatment

A
  • prevents relapse
  • cope with life events and stressors
  • 50% see improvement
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19
Q

6 components of TLC

A
  • exercise
  • sleep
  • sunlight
  • omega-3
  • social interaction
  • decrease negative thinking
  • 70% people saw 1/2 reduction of depressive symptoms
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20
Q

lithium

A

helps 60% patients with BP
-most commonly prescribed
(anticonvulsants and anti psychs also used)
*lamictal (anticonvulsant)= best for bipolar depression

21
Q

anticonvulsants

A

calm hyperactivity (best for depressive) and helps rapid cycling; increased suicide risk

22
Q

BP and suicide

A

most common to attempt during changing moods- mania to depression

23
Q

permissive theory

A

serotonin opens gate for mood disorder, NE determines the type

  • low 5HT + high NE = mania
  • low 5HT + low NE = depression
24
Q

phobias

A
  • fear/ anxiety of object, with immediate anxiety response and extreme avoidance; fear is disproportionate to the danger; must cause distress/ dysfunction; MUST have symptoms for more than 6 months
  • common= animal, nature, situation, medical
  • 9% lifetime prev; 2:1 women:men
  • exposure therapy, systematic desens; best= actual contact with the fear and fear hierarchy
25
Q

social anxiety disorder

A

anxiety of being watched and negatively judged by others

  • avoidance and distress in social situations
  • performance and generalized types
  • 12% lifetime prevalence
  • teenage onset
  • therapy= cognitive (reframing) and SSRIs and beta blockers
26
Q

panic disorder

A
  • recurrent and persistent panic attacks; apprehensive for over one month; OR avoidance behaviors - rule out drug use
  • unpredictable attacks (unexpected PAs); 83% are comorbid for another anxiety disorder
  • 3-4% pop
  • increased activity in fear network (amygdala) and heightened startle response; GABA is also lower
  • SSRIs (increase 5HT and decrease NE)= improve 80%
  • CBT to break misinterpretation pattern
27
Q

agoraphobia

A

fear of public places where escape is difficult; must have symptoms for at least 6 months
-behavioral therapy, family therapy, anti anxiety meds and psychotherapy help

28
Q

GAD

A

-unreasonable anxiety in most situations; “anxious apprehension; hard to control; physical symptoms (3+); distress and dysfunction; symptoms must last over 6 months (not due to drugs)
-6% lifetime prev
-women: men 2:1
ellis’s rational emotive therapy (RET)
-SSRIs and SNRIs
-break down worrying with psychoeducation

29
Q

OCD

A

causes great distress or takes up over one hour per day

  • only need obsession OR compulsion for diagnosis
  • increased basal ganglia activity and abnormal 5HT
  • 3% lifetime prev; equal women: men
  • 40% seek treatment
  • ERP= best 55-85% find help in ERP (not helpful for those with ONLY obsessions)
  • SSRIs and Anafrinil (tricyclic) also help
30
Q

benzodiazepines

A

agonist for GABA; addictive; tolerance, drowsiness

31
Q

adjustment disorder

A

psych response to STRESSOR within 3 months of exposure; significant symptoms of distress and dysfunction - not from trauma

  • can be chronic or acute, recurrent or continuous
  • symptoms aren’t explained by another disorder and disappear when stressor is alleviated
  • 5-20% pop
  • therapy aimed at increasing coping ability
32
Q

acute stress disorder

A

symptoms begin within 4 weeks of trauma and last 3-30 days - allows diagnosis to be made without waiting 30 days for ptsd
-80% cases develop into PTSD

33
Q

ptsd

A

symptoms begin after trauma (usually within 3 months) and persist over 1 month; reoccurring trauma, avoidance of trauma linked stimuli; changes in arousal and reaction
*event must be experienced personally (not media)
-hyperarousal/ vigilance
types= disasters (10x more common than combat), combat, sex abuse, terrorism and torture
-3.5% US/yr… 7-9% life prev
women: men = 2:1
-2/3 seek treatment
-1/2 PTSD resolve in 6 months; goal of treatment= decrease stress reactions, SSRIs= only approved- 60% effective
-CBT= best (uncovering= reliving in safe environment; covering= supportive therapy and stress management

34
Q

DID

A

2+ distinct personalities; lapses in memory; not due to drug

-1% prev; 70% attempt suicide; therapy seeks to reintegrate personalitites

35
Q

depersonalization/ derealization disorder

A

persistent and recurrent depersonalization OR derealization or both; the person is in touch with reality
risk factor= abuse; emotional neglect
-50% people experience dreal at some point; recurrence= rare; comes on suddenly and is long lasting
-antidepressants and psychotherapy

36
Q

dissociative amnesia

A

psychological cause; no recall of episodic memory; distress/ dysfunction
localized= most common, loss of all. memories in selective period
selective= loss of some memories during a select period
generalized= begins with event and extends backwards in time, confusion and wandering
-2% prev/ yr
-often recover on own (memory triggers)

37
Q

dissociative amnesia with fugue

A

unexpected travel; unaware that they don’t know who they are; confusion of ID; may last days to years; people appear normal to crowd; no drugs

38
Q

major depressive episode

A 
time limited period in which intense symptoms are present 
need 5 symptoms in 2 week with symptoms nearly every day
-appetite/ weight change
-sleep loss
-guilt
-agitation
-fatigue
-suicidal thoughts
39
Q

manic episode

A

persistently elevated mood and increased activity for over one week or hospitatlization; AND increase self esteem/ grandiose, or decrease sleep, racing thoughts etc…

40
Q

hypomanic episode

A

4 days for diagnosis; not as severe as manic; very functional

41
Q

MDD

A

have had DE; never had ME or HME
-2x risk for 1st relatives
-18% life prev; women>men; highest prev among 18-25 yos; leading cause of disability in the world (WHO)
-85% with MDD will be symptom free within year even without treatment
monoamine hypothesis= depression caused by depletion in Its; 5HT, NE, DA
-cortisol (depressed 50%, have more cortisol
-melotonin= low in MDD, high in SAD

42
Q

cognitive Beck view of MDD

A
  • maladapt attitudes
  • cognitive triad (neg views of world, self and future)
  • errors in thinking (arbitrary inferences, minimization, magnification)
  • automatic thoughts (steady stream of neg thoughts)
43
Q

PDD (dysthymia)

A

milder than MDD= fewer symptoms

  • distress and long lasting- must be depressed for 2 years for diagnosis ( 1 year for <18 yo)
  • no HME or ME
  • 1/10 develop MDD; early and gradual onset
44
Q

premenstrual dysphoric disorder PMDD

A

mood symptoms 7 days before period- significant low mood; severe enough for distress/ dysfunction
3-8% women in menstrating years
-SSRI antidepressants; birth control; Ca pills; exercise; sleep; decrease caffeine

45
Q

bipolar I

A
  • 1+ manic episode at some point; may or may not be followed by DE or HME; distress and dysfunction
  • rapid cycling= 4+ mood episodes in one year
  • worsens without treatment; usually YA onset; 2-4% life prevalence; 1/3 will attempt suicide (15% complete without treatment)
  • Lithium; anticonvulsants (rapid cycle and physical)
  • 60% ME followed by DE
  • lithium decreases DA and decreases manic behavior
46
Q

BP II

A

1+ DE; at least 1 HME; NO ME at all

-overactive NE; low 5HT

47
Q

permissive theory

A

low 5HT opens door for mood disorder; NE level determine the type
-high NE= mania; low= DE

48
Q

cyclothymic

A

at least 2 years of numerous SYMPTOMS (no full on episodes) of mild depression and hypomania; chronic mood flux; not symptoms free for over 2 months; may develop into BP I or II; overactive NE;
1% pop; sleeping loss may trigger mania

Ab Psych (4 decks)

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