Unit 3 Flashcards
What was the influence of basic science on later applied scientific innovations?
Although more economically profitable, applied science could not occur without initial basic scientific research
During the 20th century, what was the emphasis in science?
Science as a profit-making business
What basic science was Einstein responsible for?
Energy and mass
What basic science was Rutherford responsible for?
Divisible atom
What applied science came out of the findings of Einstein and Rutherford?
Nuclear weapons and power
What basic science was Fleming responsible for?
Inhibition of bacterial growth
What applied science came out of the findings of Fleming?
Antibiotics
What basic science we’re Franklin and Wilkins responsible for?
X-ray diffraction images of DNA
What basic science were Watson and crick responsible for?
Deduction of the double helix of DNA
What applied science came out of the findings of Franklin, Wilkins, Watson and crick?
Sequencing of human genome (leading to medical diagnoses and therapeutic strategies)
How did the idea of solo scientists change during the 20th century?
Change from solo scientists to collaborative teams with research budgets
How does the large amount of money and specialized equipment needed for modern science potential he have a negative affect on science?
By changing it from being about the pursuit of knowledge to an assembly line of patentable products
What was Albert Einstein’s great discovery?
Theory of Relativity: That physical properties such as time, space, and mass are not absolute, but, rather, are relative to a specific reference system
How did Albert Einstein we define light?
As discrete particles called quanta, light causes the release of electrons when shone on certain materials
What is special about special relativity? (1905)
It only applies to systems under uniform velocity: space, time, mass, and energy are linked.
What is one of the consequences of E= MC squared?
Mass and energy can be converted into each other.
What is the maximum speed for any object?
The speed of light in a vacuum (approximately 300,000 km/s)
In what year did Einstein publish his general theory of relativity?
1915
How was the general theory of relativity different from the special theory of relativity?
Is extended special relativity so it encompassed systems undergoing acceleration. It also demonstrated the connection between gravity and special relativity.
What 3 things did the general theory of relativity predict?
- Black holes
- Variation in the orbits of planets
- The ability of massive sources of gravity, such as the sun, to bend light.
When was the third prediction in the general theory of relativity proven to be true?
In 1919 when a solar eclipse was observed
What did the unified field theory try to connect?
The forces of electromagnetism and gravity
Why were Einstein’s questions remarkable?
Because the things he questioned were mistakenly regarded as being too obvious to require clarification or analysis (Infeld)
Genetics
Science of heredity
Darwin was correct in assuming that variation allowed for gradual change over time. What was he mistaken about?
He was not successful in correctly identifying the genetic mechanism responsible for this variation or its transmission to subsequent generations
Who was Gregor Mandel and what kind of experiments did he do?
He was an Austrian monk, the father of genetics, he did experiments with pea plants