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AP Human Geography > Unit 3 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

The frequent repetition of an act, to the extent that it becomes characteristic of a group of people, is a

A

Custom

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2
Q

A repetitive act performed by an individual is a

A

Habit

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3
Q

In contrast to folk culture, popular culture is more likely to vary

A

From time to time at a given pace

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4
Q

In contrast to folk culture, popular culture is typical of ____ groups.

A

Heterogeneous

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5
Q

Folk cultures are spread primarily by

A

Relocation Diffusion

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6
Q

Understand effect of globalization and modern communications on social customs…

A

Increase the similarity of social customs in different locations

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7
Q

As components of group identity and cultural learning, folk customs usually originate from

A

Familiar events in daily life

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8
Q

Folk songs are more likely than popular songs to

A

Tell a story about life-cycle events, work, or natural disasters

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9
Q

Cultural diversity is promoted by

A

The relative isolation of a group from others

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10
Q

The choice of clothing in Western countries is strongly influenced by

A

Occupation, income, and knowledge of fashion elsewhere

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11
Q

Terroir refers to

A

The sum of the effects of the local environment on a food item

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12
Q

A restriction on behavior imposed by social custom is a

A

Taboo

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13
Q

The geographer Vidal de la Blache regarded food supply as less subject to modification than

A

Less subject to modification than clothing and weapons

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14
Q

The most important house style in the United States since the 1960s is known as

A

Neo - eclectic

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15
Q

The trend of globalization has threatened ____ culture more than ____ culture.

A

Folk, Pop

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16
Q

Some features of U.S. material culture such as gas stations, supermarkets, and motels promote

A

A uniform landscape

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17
Q

People maintain their folk culture despite familiarity with popular culture primarily because of a strong desire to

A

Preserve unique customs

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18
Q

As they have more contact with popular culture, women in less developed countries are more likely to

A

Gain more opportunities outside the home

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19
Q

Diffusion of popular culture can adversely impact environmental quality in what two ways:

A
  1. Depletion of scarce resources

2. Pollutions

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20
Q

A lingua franca is

A

A language understood by people who have different native languages

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21
Q

A group of languages that share a common origin but have since evolved into individual languages is a

A

Language Branch

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22
Q

The two largest language families in the world are

A

Sino-Tibetan & Indo-European

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23
Q

The language family encompassing the languages of the People’s Republic of China is

A

Sino-Tibetan

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24
Q

Identify the main Romance languages.

A

Spanish , Portuguese, French , Italian, and Romanian

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25
Q

The language spoken by soldiers stationed throughout the Roman Empire was known as

A

Vulgar Latin

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26
Q

The most widely spoken language in Brazil is

A

Portuguese

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27
Q

Russian is part of what language branch?

A

Balto-Slavic

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28
Q

According to Colin Renfrew’s research, Indo-European languages diffused across Europe alongside the diffusion of

A

Agriculture

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29
Q

According to the maps and diagrams in this chapter, England was invaded by tribes from

A

Germanic - speaking areas

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30
Q

A literary tradition is

A

The written form of a language

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31
Q

An isogloss is

A

A boundary between language regions

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32
Q

Compare/contrast British and American English.

A

Alphabet

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33
Q

A form of a language spoken in a local area is a

A

Dialect

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34
Q

A creolized language is

A

A mix of indigenous and colonial languages

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35
Q

A pidgin language

A

Has no native speakers

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36
Q

The Icelandic language has changed less than any other Germanic language because of

A

Iceland’s relative isolation from other places

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37
Q

The language spoken by the greatest number of native speakers in the world is

A

Mandarin

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38
Q

Chinese is traditionally written in the form of

A

Ideograms

39
Q

The large number of individual languages documented in Africa has resulted primarily from

A

Thousands of years of isolation between cultural groups

40
Q

________ is to Canada as ________ is to the United States.

A

French, Spanish

41
Q

The English language is a “second” or “third” language in many regions where it is used as a(n)

A

Lingua Franca

42
Q

Which statement best describes the use of English on the Internet?

A

English has become less dominant but is still the leading internet language

43
Q

Religion is a good example of the tension between globalization and local diversity because

A

Religion represents core cultural values and beliefs that may conflict with others

44
Q

Animists believe that

A

Inanimate objects and natural events have spirits

45
Q

The belief in the existence of only one god is

A

Monotheism

46
Q

When geographers study the sites where religions originated as well as the processes by which those religions diffused to other locations, they are focusing on the

A

Spatial connection in religion

47
Q

The world’s largest ethnic religion is

A

Hinduism

48
Q

Which characteristic distinguishes religion in Latin America from North America?

A

Having a Roman Catholic majority

49
Q

The maps in this chapter indicate that Eastern Orthodoxy is a branch of Christianity prevalent in

A

Russia

50
Q

A relatively small group that has broken away from an established church is a

A

Sect.

51
Q

The world’s largest universalizing religion is

A

Christianity

52
Q

Lutheranism is an example of a Christian

A

Denomination

53
Q

The dominant branch of Islam is

A

Sunni

54
Q

This map indicates that Baptists are clustered in the ________ United States.

A

Southern

55
Q

Which of the following is not a universalizing religion?

A

Judaism

56
Q

An ethnic religion appeals mostly to

A

One group of people in one place

57
Q

Which religions (including major branches) trace their origin to Abraham?

A

Islam, Judaism, Christianity

58
Q

What is currently the most important religion in the homeland of the man who founded it?

A

Islam

59
Q

Unlike other universalizing religions, Buddhism

A

Remained primarily concentrated in one region of the world

60
Q

Identify characteristics of universalizing religions.

A

Several priests travel across the world to establish missions on remote islands

61
Q

Identify characteristics of ethnic religions.

A

The religious calendar is based largely on seasonal changes in a particular region

62
Q

Christianity first diffused from its hearth through ____ diffusion.

A

Relocation

63
Q

Roman Catholics are clustered in the U.S. southwest primarily because of migration of

A

Roman Catholics from Latin America

64
Q

Some of the violence linked to religion in Israel and Palestine is also linked to

A

Ethnic groups, resources, and disputes over control of land

65
Q

Judaism is classified as an ethnic rather than a universalizing religion, partly because its rituals derive from

A

Agricultural cycle in Israel

66
Q

Protestants in Ireland are

A

Highly clustered in one part of the island

67
Q

Jerusalem’s geography represents a particularly difficult religious conflict to resolve because

A

Sacred sites to Jews and Muslims literally built on top of one another

68
Q

The concept of a ghetto originally referred to the area of a city where ____ were forced to live.

A

Jews

69
Q

The exiled spiritual leader of Tibet is the

A

Dalai Lama

70
Q

For most of the past 2,000 years, most Jews have been

A

Dispersed around the world

71
Q

It is reasonable to hypothesize that during the Mexican-American War (1846-1848) when some Irish soldiers deserted from the U.S. Army to join the Mexican Army instead, most were at least partly motivated by feelings of loyalty toward fellow….

A

Roman Catholics

72
Q

Given the Soviet Union’s policies toward religion discussed in this chapter, a historian could hypothesize that in the United States, Cold War opposition to the Soviet Union was accompanied by a heightened emphasis on

A

Religion as a weapon against “Godless Communism”

73
Q

Adherents of which religion have controlled the Holy Land for most of the past 1,500 years?

A

Islam

74
Q

Apartheid → What/Where/When???

A

Strict racial segregation laws / South Africa / Before 90’s

75
Q

Ethnicity is important because it reinforces ____ in the face of the globalization of culture.

A

Diversity

76
Q

The most populous ethnic group in the United States is

A

Latinos / Hispanics

77
Q

The second most populous ethnic group in the United States is

A

African Americans

78
Q

The largest numbers of Asian Americans are descended from immigrants from

A

China

79
Q

Asian Americans are clustered in what area of the United States?

A

West

80
Q

The United States Census Bureau recognizes WHICH distinct races?

A

Hispanic / Latino

81
Q

Understand role of “separate but equal” doctrine and “Jim Crow” Laws in US history.

A

American South

82
Q

Ethnic identity for U.S. descendants of European immigrants is primarily preserved through

A

Religion and Food

83
Q

A nationality is

A

A group of people tied to a place through legal status and tradition

84
Q

Identify an example of a nationality.

A

A group of Cherokee Indians living on a reservation

85
Q

Why is Denmark a good example of a nation-state?

A

Nearly the entire population are ethnic Danes who speak Danish

86
Q

Identify centripetal forces in the United States?

A

United States

87
Q

When a U.S. politician attempts to appeal to the widest number of voters, she or he probably appeals to concepts of shared

A

Nationality

88
Q

Most of the conflict in Africa is a result of colonial boundaries that

A

are in the midst of numerous ethnic and national groups

89
Q

Balkanization refers to

A

The breakdown of a state due to conflicts among nationalities

90
Q

The breakup of Yugoslavia during the 1990s was caused mainly by

A

Rivalries among the nationalities

91
Q

The most important centripetal force in Yugoslavia before its breakup was the

A

Common economic interests

92
Q

As Sudan’s religion-based civil war was winding down, an ethnic war erupted in the region of

A

Darfur

93
Q

The process when a group forcibly removes another group is called

A

Ethnic Cleansing

AP Human Geography (2 decks)

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