Unit 3 Flashcards
The frequent repetition of an act, to the extent that it becomes characteristic of a group of people, is a
Custom
A repetitive act performed by an individual is a
Habit
In contrast to folk culture, popular culture is more likely to vary
From time to time at a given pace
In contrast to folk culture, popular culture is typical of ____ groups.
Heterogeneous
Folk cultures are spread primarily by
Relocation Diffusion
Understand effect of globalization and modern communications on social customs…
Increase the similarity of social customs in different locations
As components of group identity and cultural learning, folk customs usually originate from
Familiar events in daily life
Folk songs are more likely than popular songs to
Tell a story about life-cycle events, work, or natural disasters
Cultural diversity is promoted by
The relative isolation of a group from others
The choice of clothing in Western countries is strongly influenced by
Occupation, income, and knowledge of fashion elsewhere
Terroir refers to
The sum of the effects of the local environment on a food item
A restriction on behavior imposed by social custom is a
Taboo
The geographer Vidal de la Blache regarded food supply as less subject to modification than
Less subject to modification than clothing and weapons
The most important house style in the United States since the 1960s is known as
Neo - eclectic
The trend of globalization has threatened ____ culture more than ____ culture.
Folk, Pop
Some features of U.S. material culture such as gas stations, supermarkets, and motels promote
A uniform landscape
People maintain their folk culture despite familiarity with popular culture primarily because of a strong desire to
Preserve unique customs
As they have more contact with popular culture, women in less developed countries are more likely to
Gain more opportunities outside the home
Diffusion of popular culture can adversely impact environmental quality in what two ways:
- Depletion of scarce resources
2. Pollutions
A lingua franca is
A language understood by people who have different native languages
A group of languages that share a common origin but have since evolved into individual languages is a
Language Branch
The two largest language families in the world are
Sino-Tibetan & Indo-European
The language family encompassing the languages of the People’s Republic of China is
Sino-Tibetan
Identify the main Romance languages.
Spanish , Portuguese, French , Italian, and Romanian
The language spoken by soldiers stationed throughout the Roman Empire was known as
Vulgar Latin
The most widely spoken language in Brazil is
Portuguese
Russian is part of what language branch?
Balto-Slavic
According to Colin Renfrew’s research, Indo-European languages diffused across Europe alongside the diffusion of
Agriculture
According to the maps and diagrams in this chapter, England was invaded by tribes from
Germanic - speaking areas
A literary tradition is
The written form of a language
An isogloss is
A boundary between language regions
Compare/contrast British and American English.
Alphabet
A form of a language spoken in a local area is a
Dialect
A creolized language is
A mix of indigenous and colonial languages
A pidgin language
Has no native speakers
The Icelandic language has changed less than any other Germanic language because of
Iceland’s relative isolation from other places
The language spoken by the greatest number of native speakers in the world is
Mandarin
Chinese is traditionally written in the form of
Ideograms
The large number of individual languages documented in Africa has resulted primarily from
Thousands of years of isolation between cultural groups
________ is to Canada as ________ is to the United States.
French, Spanish
The English language is a “second” or “third” language in many regions where it is used as a(n)
Lingua Franca
Which statement best describes the use of English on the Internet?
English has become less dominant but is still the leading internet language
Religion is a good example of the tension between globalization and local diversity because
Religion represents core cultural values and beliefs that may conflict with others
Animists believe that
Inanimate objects and natural events have spirits
The belief in the existence of only one god is
Monotheism
When geographers study the sites where religions originated as well as the processes by which those religions diffused to other locations, they are focusing on the
Spatial connection in religion
The world’s largest ethnic religion is
Hinduism
Which characteristic distinguishes religion in Latin America from North America?
Having a Roman Catholic majority
The maps in this chapter indicate that Eastern Orthodoxy is a branch of Christianity prevalent in
Russia
A relatively small group that has broken away from an established church is a
Sect.
The world’s largest universalizing religion is
Christianity
Lutheranism is an example of a Christian
Denomination
The dominant branch of Islam is
Sunni
This map indicates that Baptists are clustered in the ________ United States.
Southern
Which of the following is not a universalizing religion?
Judaism
An ethnic religion appeals mostly to
One group of people in one place
Which religions (including major branches) trace their origin to Abraham?
Islam, Judaism, Christianity
What is currently the most important religion in the homeland of the man who founded it?
Islam
Unlike other universalizing religions, Buddhism
Remained primarily concentrated in one region of the world
Identify characteristics of universalizing religions.
Several priests travel across the world to establish missions on remote islands
Identify characteristics of ethnic religions.
The religious calendar is based largely on seasonal changes in a particular region
Christianity first diffused from its hearth through ____ diffusion.
Relocation
Roman Catholics are clustered in the U.S. southwest primarily because of migration of
Roman Catholics from Latin America
Some of the violence linked to religion in Israel and Palestine is also linked to
Ethnic groups, resources, and disputes over control of land
Judaism is classified as an ethnic rather than a universalizing religion, partly because its rituals derive from
Agricultural cycle in Israel
Protestants in Ireland are
Highly clustered in one part of the island
Jerusalem’s geography represents a particularly difficult religious conflict to resolve because
Sacred sites to Jews and Muslims literally built on top of one another
The concept of a ghetto originally referred to the area of a city where ____ were forced to live.
Jews
The exiled spiritual leader of Tibet is the
Dalai Lama
For most of the past 2,000 years, most Jews have been
Dispersed around the world
It is reasonable to hypothesize that during the Mexican-American War (1846-1848) when some Irish soldiers deserted from the U.S. Army to join the Mexican Army instead, most were at least partly motivated by feelings of loyalty toward fellow….
Roman Catholics
Given the Soviet Union’s policies toward religion discussed in this chapter, a historian could hypothesize that in the United States, Cold War opposition to the Soviet Union was accompanied by a heightened emphasis on
Religion as a weapon against “Godless Communism”
Adherents of which religion have controlled the Holy Land for most of the past 1,500 years?
Islam
Apartheid → What/Where/When???
Strict racial segregation laws / South Africa / Before 90’s
Ethnicity is important because it reinforces ____ in the face of the globalization of culture.
Diversity
The most populous ethnic group in the United States is
Latinos / Hispanics
The second most populous ethnic group in the United States is
African Americans
The largest numbers of Asian Americans are descended from immigrants from
China
Asian Americans are clustered in what area of the United States?
West
The United States Census Bureau recognizes WHICH distinct races?
Hispanic / Latino
Understand role of “separate but equal” doctrine and “Jim Crow” Laws in US history.
American South
Ethnic identity for U.S. descendants of European immigrants is primarily preserved through
Religion and Food
A nationality is
A group of people tied to a place through legal status and tradition
Identify an example of a nationality.
A group of Cherokee Indians living on a reservation
Why is Denmark a good example of a nation-state?
Nearly the entire population are ethnic Danes who speak Danish
Identify centripetal forces in the United States?
United States
When a U.S. politician attempts to appeal to the widest number of voters, she or he probably appeals to concepts of shared
Nationality
Most of the conflict in Africa is a result of colonial boundaries that
are in the midst of numerous ethnic and national groups
Balkanization refers to
The breakdown of a state due to conflicts among nationalities
The breakup of Yugoslavia during the 1990s was caused mainly by
Rivalries among the nationalities
The most important centripetal force in Yugoslavia before its breakup was the
Common economic interests
As Sudan’s religion-based civil war was winding down, an ethnic war erupted in the region of
Darfur
The process when a group forcibly removes another group is called
Ethnic Cleansing
