Unit 3 Flashcards
What are the four main classes of life’s organic compounds?
Carbohydrates lipids proteins and nucleic acids
Carbohydrates proteins nucleic acid’s are?
Polymers
What is a polymer?
Long molecule consisting of many similar building blocks joined by covalent bond
Repeating units that serves the building blocks of polymers a small molecules called?
Monomers
What are monomers joined by?
Condensation reaction
What does the condensation reaction involve?
The removal of a water molecule
What is a hydrolysis reaction
When bonds between monomers a broken it involves the addition of a water molecule
What elements do carbohydrates contain
Carbon hydrogen and oxygen
What are monosaccharides?
Monosaccharides of sugars consisting of one sugar unit for example glucose fructose and deoxyribose
Glucose is created in the process of?
Photosynthesis
Glucose is used in the process of?
Cellular respiration
What are the subunits of carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides and polysaccharides
Two examples of monosaccharides?
Glucose and fructose
Two examples of disaccharides?
Maltose sucrose and lactose
Examples of polysaccharides?
Starch, glycogen, cellulose, chitin
What does starch do?
Food storage in plants
What does glycogen do?
Food storage in animals
What does cellulose do?
Cell walls in plants
What does chitin do?
Exoskeleton of insects and crabs etc
What are the elements of lipids
Carbon, hydrogen, a small amount of oxygen, and sometimes phosphorus
What are the subunits of a lipid
Three fatty acid’s and one glycerol molecule
What are the examples and functions of lipids
Energy storage, thermal insulation under skin, forming bilayer of all cell membranes, steroid hormones
What are the elements in proteins
Carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen and and generally sulphur
What are the subunits of proteins?
Amino acids and polypeptide proteins
How many amino acids are there?
20
What are some examples of proteins
Enzymes, structural channels in membranes, protein hormones
What are the elements in nucleic acid’s
Carbon hydrogen oxygen and nitrogen and phosphorus
CHOPNS
What does the subunits of nucleic acid’s
Nucleotides (phosphate group + sugar group + base)
What are some examples of nucleic acid’s
DNA and RNA
What is a monosaccharide
One sugar unit
What is a disaccharide
Two sugar units
What is a polysaccharide
Many sugar units
Are lipids soluble in water
No
Examples of lipids
Waxes, steroids, cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids and Glycolipids
Lipid functions
Storage, hormones,insulation, protection, structural
SHIPS
Which type of lipids do not have a double bonds between carbons
Saturated
Unsaturated fatty acid’s have…
One or more double bonds between the carbons
Fatty acid’s bend when…
There are double bonds
