Photosynthesis

Question 1

What does the flat shape of a leaf do?

Answer 1

Gives the leaf a larger surface area for trapping sunlight

Question 2

Why do leaves pivot on their stems?

Answer 2

To change position relative to the sun for photosynthesis

Question 3

Benefits of a thin leaf

Answer 3

Allows light waves to easily pass through

Question 4

What does the xylem do?

Answer 4

It is the water conduction component of vascular tissue, transports water from soil/roots to the leaves.

Question 5

What is a plastid?

Answer 5

A specialised organelle containing pigment to trap light energy.

Question 6

What organelles are the site of photosynthesis?

Answer 6

Plastids

Question 7

What is the main type of plastid?

Answer 7

Chloroplast

Question 8

What pigment does the chloroplast have?

Answer 8

Chlorophyll which is a green pigment

Question 9

What are chloroplasts?

Answer 9

Oval-shaped membrane bound organelles.

Question 10

What is the the inner membrane of a chloroplast like?

Answer 10

It is highly folded to produce thylakoid stacks.

Question 11

What is the purpose of the heavy folds in the inner membrane of a chloroplast?

Answer 11

To increase surface area for chemical reactions of photosynthesis.

Question 12

What are grana?

Answer 12

Stacks of thylakoid membranes which contain green pigment chlorophyll.

Question 13

What is stroma?

Answer 13

The dense liquid interior of the chloroplast.

Question 14

What does the stroma contain?

Answer 14

Numerous different enzymes needed for photosynthesis

Question 15

Where is the site of light dependant phase of photosynthesis? (Energy capture)

Answer 15

Grana

Question 16

What is the location of the light independant phase of photosynthesis? (Calvin cycle)

Answer 16

Stroma

Question 17

What are lamellae?

Answer 17

membranes joining grana stacks.

Question 18

What do lamellae do?

Answer 18

Provide structure to the chloroplast interior.

Question 19

What are palisade cells?

Answer 19

Large rectangular cells found regularly and tightly packed in a single or double layer.

Question 20

Where are palisade cells found?

Answer 20

Under the upper epidermal layer of leaf.

Question 21

What are products of photosynthesis?

Answer 21

Glucose, Cellulose, Starch and Disaccharides

Question 22

What is the function of a cyclic pathway?

Answer 22

To produce a substrate that will be used again and again

Question 23

What transform sunlight energy into chemical energy.?

Answer 23

Photosynthesis

Question 24

What’s the Calvin cycle?

Answer 24

Light independant reactions of photosynthesis

Question 25

What is photolysis?

Answer 25

One of the key stages in the light dependant stage reactions where water is split into hydrogen ions and oxygen molecules.

Question 26

What else happens in the light dependant stage besides the splitting of water?

Answer 26

Molecules of ATP and NADPH are produced and sent to the next stage of PS.

Question 27

What is NADP?

Answer 27

A coenzyme that becomes NADPH and carries the charged H+ ions to the next section.

Question 28

Where does the L.I.R occur?

Answer 28

The stroma

Question 29

What is needed to convert CO2 to a 6 carbon sugar?

Answer 29

NADPH + ATP

Question 30

What is rubisco?

Answer 30

The enzyme that catalyses the reaction of RUBP+CO2

Question 31

What is ribulose biphosphate?

Answer 31

A 5 carbon compound that binds with CO2 at the beginning of the Calvin cycle

Question 32

What is carbon fixation?

Answer 32

the process where carbon dioxide molecules in the chloroplasts are joined with RuBp to start the processes in the Calvin cycle

Question 33

Where does aerobic respiration occur?

Answer 33

In the mitochondria of plants.

Question 34

What does aerobic respiration mean?

Answer 34

O2 is taken up and CO2 is released.

Question 35

What is the first stage of cellular respiration?

Answer 35

Glycolysis

Question 36

Where does glycolysis happen?

Answer 36

Cytoplasm

Question 37

What is the process of glycolysis?

Answer 37

Glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate?

Question 38

What is the second stage of C.R?

Answer 38

Activation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA

Question 39

Where does the activation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA occur?

Answer 39

In the mitochondrial matrix.

Question 40

What is the third stage of C.R?

Answer 40

the Krebs Cycle

Question 41

Where does the Krebs cycle happen?

Answer 41

The mitochondrial matrix

Question 42

What is the process of the Krebs cycle?

Answer 42

Series of reactions producing carbon dioxide, ATP and hydrogens/

Question 43

What's the fourth stage of C.R?

Answer 43

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Question 44

Where does oxidative phosphorylation occur?

Answer 44

Cistae

Question 45

What is the process of oxidative phosphorylation?

Answer 45

H2 is oxidised to water using energy released as ATP.

Question 46

What's the equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 46

6CO2 + 12H2O -----> C6 H12 O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O

Question 47

What is photolysis?

Answer 47

Water being split

Question 48

What is photophosphorylation?

Answer 48

the synthesis of ATP from ADP and phosphate that occurs in a plant using radiant energy absorbed during photosynthesis.

Question 49

What is glycolysis?

Answer 49

The glucose being broken down into two molecules of pyruvate

Question 50

What is the link reaction?

Answer 50

Pyruvate being split and added to coenzyme A ready to enter the Krebs cycle.

Question 51

What is the Krebs cycle?

Answer 51

A derivative of Pyruvate is decomposed to Co2

Question 52

What is catabolism?

Answer 52

Catabolism is the set of metabolic pathways that breaks down molecules into smaller units that are either oxidized to release energy, or used in other anabolic reactions.

Question 53

What is anabolism?

Answer 53

The synthesis of complex molecules in living organisms from simpler ones together with the storage of energy; constructive metabolism.

Question 54

What is exergonic?

Answer 54

(of a metabolic or chemical process) accompanied by the release of energy.

Question 55

What is endergonic?

Answer 55

(of a metabolic or chemical process) accompanied by or requiring the absorption of energy, the products being of greater free energy than the reactants.

Question 56

What are the products of the light dependant phase?

Answer 56

Oxygen, ATP and NADPH

Question 57

What are the products of the light independent phase?

Answer 57

Glucose, Water

Question 58

What is ATP synthase?

Answer 58

is an important enzyme that creates the energy storage molecule adenosine triphosphate

Question 59

What is an autotroph?

Answer 59

an organism that is able to form nutritional organic substances from simple inorganic substances such as carbon dioxide.

Question 60

What is a heterotroph?

Answer 60

an organism deriving its nutritional requirements from complex organic substances.