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Gross Anatomy > Unit 3 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Tibialis Anterior Origin

A

Lateral condyle and superior 2/3 of lateral surface of tibia and interosseous membrane

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2
Q

Tibialis Anterior Insertion

A

Medial and inferior surfaces of medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal

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3
Q

Tibialis Anterior Innervation

A

Deep fibular nerve (L4, L5)

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4
Q

Tibialis Anterior Action

A

Dorsiflexes ankle; inverts foot; supports medial longitudinal arch of foot

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5
Q

Extensor hallucis longus Origin

A

Middle part of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane

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6
Q

Extensor hallucis longus Insertion

A

Dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of great toe (hallux)

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7
Q

Extensor hallucis longus Innervation

A

Deep fibular nerve (L5, S1)

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8
Q

Extensor hallucis longus Action

A

Extends great toe; dorsiflexes ankle

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9
Q

Extensor digitorum longus Origin

A

Lateral condyle of tibia and superior 2/3 of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane

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10
Q

Extensor digitorum longus Insertion

A

Middle and distal phalanges of lateral four digits

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11
Q

Extensor digitorum longus Innervation

A

Deep fibular nerve (L5, S1)

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12
Q

Extensor digitorum longus Action

A

Extends lateral four digits; dorsiflexes ankle

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13
Q

Fibularis Tertius Origin

A

Inferior third of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane

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14
Q

Fibularis Tertius Insertion

A

Dorsum of base of 5th metatarsal

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15
Q

Fibularis Tertius Innervation

A

Deep fibular nerve (L5, S1)

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16
Q

Fibularis Tertius Action

A

Dorsiflexes ankle; aids in eversion of foot

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17
Q

Fibularis Longus Origin

A

Head and superior two thirds of lateral surface of fibula

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18
Q

Fibularis Longus Insertion

A

Base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform

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19
Q

Fibularis Longus Innervation

A

Superficial fibular nerve (L5, S1, S2)

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20
Q

Fibularis Longus Action

A

Evert foot; weakly plantarflex ankle, supports transverse arch of foot

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21
Q

Fibularis Brevis Origin

A

Middle part of lateral surface of fibula

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22
Q

Fibularis Brevis Insertion

A

Dorsal surface of tuberosity of base of 5th metatarsal

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23
Q

Fibularis Brevis Innervation

A

Superficial fibular nerve (L5, S1, S2)

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24
Q

Fibularis Brevis Action

A

Evert foot; weakly plantarflex foot

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25
Q

Extensor Digitorum Brevis Origin

A

Calcaneus (dorsal surface)

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26
Q

Extensor Digitorum Brevis Insertion

A

2nd to 4th toes (at dorsal aponeuroses and bases of the middle phalanges)

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27
Q

Extensor Digitorum Brevis Innervation

A

Deep fibular nerve (L5, S1)

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28
Q

Extensor Digitorum Brevis Action

A

Extension of the metatarsalphalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints of the 2nd to 4th toes

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29
Q

Extensor Hallucis Brevis Origin

A

Calcaneus (dorsal surface)

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30
Q

Extensor Hallucis Brevis Insertion

A

1st toe (at dorsal aponeurosis and proximal phalanx)

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31
Q

Extensor Hallucis Brevis Innervation

A

Deep fibular nerve (L5, S1)

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32
Q

Extensor Hallucis Brevis Action

A

Extension of the metatarsalphalangeal joint of the 1st toe

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33
Q

Gastrocnemius Origin

A

Lateral head: lateral aspect of lateral condyle of femur

Medial head: popliteal surface of femur, superior to medial condyle

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34
Q

Gastrocnemius Insertion

A

Posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

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35
Q

Gastrocnemius Innervation

A

Tibial nerve (S1, S2)

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36
Q

Gastrocnemius Action

A

Plantarflexes ankle when knee is extended; raises heel during walking; flexes knee joint

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37
Q

Soleus Origin

A

Posterior aspect of head of fibula, superior quarter of posterior surface of fibula, soleal line, and medial border of tibia

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38
Q

Soleus Insertion

A

Posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

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39
Q

Soleus Innervation

A

Tibial nerve (S1, S2)

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40
Q

Soleus Action

A

Plantarflexes ankle; steadies leg on foot

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41
Q

Plantaris Origin

A

Inferior end of lateral supracondylar line of femur and oblique popliteal ligament

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42
Q

Plantaris Insertion

A

Calcaneal tuberosity

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43
Q

Plantaris Action

A

Weakly assists gastrocnemius in plantarflexing ankle; function is probably mainly proprioceptive

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44
Q

Popliteus Origin

A

Lateral surface of lateral condyle of femur and lateral meniscus

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45
Q

Popliteus Insertion

A

Posterior surface of tibia, superior to soleal line

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46
Q

Popliteus Innervation

A

Tibial nerve (L4, L5, S1)

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47
Q

Popliteus Action

A

Weakly flexes knee and unlocks it by laterally rotating femur on fixed tibia, may also medially rotate tibia of unplanted limb

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48
Q

Flexor Hallucis Longus Origin

A

Inferior two thirds of posterior surface of fibula and ifnerior part of interosseous membrane

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49
Q

Flexor Hallucis Longus Insertion

A

Base of distal phalanx of great toe (hallux)

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50
Q

Flexor Hallucis Longus Innervation

A

Tibial nerve (S2, S3)

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51
Q

Flexor Hallucis Longus Action

A

Flexes great toe at all joints; weakly plantarflexes ankle; supports medial longitudinal arch of foot

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52
Q

Flexor Digitorum Longus Origin

A

Medial part of posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal line and by a broad tendon to fibula

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53
Q

Flexor Digitorum Longus Insertion

A

Bases of distal phalanges of lateral four digits

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54
Q

Flexor Digitorum Longus Innervation

A

Tibial nerve (S2, S3)

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55
Q

Flexor Digitorum Longus Action

A

Flexes lateral four digits; plantarflexes ankle; supports longitudinal arches of foot

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56
Q

Tibialis Posterior Origin

A

Interosseous membrane, posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal line, and posterior surface of fibula

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57
Q

Tibialis Posterior Insertion

A

Primarily to tuberosity of navicular; also to cuneiforms, cuboid, and bases of 2nd-4th metatarsals

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58
Q

Tibialis Posterior Innervation

A

Tibial nerve (L4, L5)

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59
Q

Tibialis Posterior Action

A

Plantarflexes ankle; inverts foot; supports medial longitudinal arch of foot

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60
Q

Abductor Hallucis Origin

A

Medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus, flexor retinaculum, and plantar aponeurosis

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61
Q

Abductor Hallucis Insertion

A

Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit

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62
Q

Abductor Hallucis Innervation

A

Medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)

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63
Q

Abductor Hallucis Action

A

Abducts and flexes 1st digit (great toe, hallux)

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64
Q

Flexor Digitorum Brevis Origin

A

Medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis, and intermuscular septa

65
Q

Flexor Digitorum Brevis Insertion

A

Both sides of middle phalanges of lateral four digits

66
Q

Flexor Digitorum Brevis Innervation

A

Medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)

67
Q

Flexor Digitorum Brevis Action

A

Flexes lateral four digits

68
Q

Abductor Digiti Minimi Origin

A

Medial and lateral tubercles of tuberosity of calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis, and intermuscular septa

69
Q

Abductor Digiti Minimi Insertion

A

Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit

70
Q

Abductor Digiti Minimi Innervation

A

Lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

71
Q

Abductor Digiti Minimi Action

A

Abducts and flexes 5th digit

72
Q

Quadratus Plantae Origin

A

Medial surface and lateral margin of plantar surface of calcaneus

73
Q

Quadratus Plantae Insertion

A

Posterolateral margin of tendon of flexor digitorum longus

74
Q

Quadratus Plantae Innervation

A

Lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

75
Q

Quadratus Plantae Action

A

Assists flexor digitorum longus in flexing lateral four digits

76
Q

Lumbricals Origin

A

Tendons of flexor digitorum longus

77
Q

Lumbricals Insertion

A

Medial aspect of expansion over lateral four digits

78
Q

Lumbricals Innervation

A

Medial one: medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)

Lateral three: lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

79
Q

Lumbricals Action

A

Flex proximal phalanges; extend middle and distal phalanges of lateral four digits

80
Q

Flexor Hallucis Brevis Origin

A

Plantar surfaces of cuboid and lateral cuneiform

81
Q

Flexor Hallucis Brevis Insertion

A

Both sides of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit

82
Q

Flexor Hallucis Brevis Innervation

A

Medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)

83
Q

Flexor Hallucis Brevis Action

A

Flexes proximal phalanx of 1st digit

84
Q

Adductor Hallucis Origin

A

Oblique head: bases of 2nd-4th metatarsals

Transverse head: plantar ligaments of 3rd-5th metatarsophalangeal joints

85
Q

Adductor Hallucis Insertion

A

Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit

86
Q

Adductor Hallucis Innervation

A

Deep branch of lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

87
Q

Adductor Hallucis Action

A

Adducts first digit; assists in maintaining transverse arch of foot

88
Q

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis Origin

A

Base of 5th metatarsal

89
Q

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis Insertion

A

Base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit

90
Q

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis Innervation

A

Superficial branch of lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

91
Q

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis Action

A

Flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit

92
Q

Plantar interossei (three muscles) Origin

A

Bases and medial sides of metatarsals 3-5

93
Q

Plantar interossei (three muscles) Insertion

A

Medial sides of bases of proximal phalanges of 3rd-5th digits

94
Q

Plantar interossei (three muscles) Innervation

A

Lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

95
Q

Plantar interossei (three muscles) Action

A

Adduct digits 3-5, flex metatarsophalangeal joints

96
Q

Dorsal interossei (four muscles) Origin

A

Adjacent sides of metatarsals 1-5

97
Q

Dorsal interossei (four muscles) Insertion

A

First: medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 2nd digit

Second to fourth: lateral sides of 2nd to 4th digits

98
Q

Dorsal interossei (four muscles) Innervation

A

Lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

99
Q

Dorsal interossei (four muscles) Action

A

Abduct digits (2-4), flex metatarsophalangeal joints

100
Q

Sternocleidomastoid Origin

A

Sternal head: anterior surface of manubrium of sternum

Clavicular head: superior surface of medial third of clavicle

101
Q

Sternocleidomastoid Insertion

A

Lateral surface of mastoid process of temporal bone and lateral half of superior nuchal line

102
Q

Sternocleidomastoid Innervation

A

Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI), C2, C3

103
Q

Sternocleidomastoid Action

A

Unilateral contraction: titls head to same side and rotates it so face is turned superiorly toward opposite side
Bilateral contraction: extend neck at atlanto-occipital joint; flexes cervical vertebrae so that chin approaches manubrium; extends superior cervical vertebrae while flexing inferior vertebrae so chin is thrust forward with head kept level

104
Q

Trapezius Origin

A

Medial third of superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7-T12 vertebrae

105
Q

Trapezius Insertion

A

Lateral third of clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula

106
Q

Trapezius Innervation

A

Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI), C3, C4

107
Q

Trapezius Action

A

Descending: Elevate scapula
Middle: Retract scapula
Ascending: Depress scapula

108
Q

Platysma Origin

A

Fascia covering superior parts of pectoralis major and deltoid muscles

109
Q

Platysma Insertion

A

Inferior border of mandible, skin, and subcutaneous tissues of lower face

110
Q

Platysma Innervation

A

Cervical branch of facial nerve (CN VII)

111
Q

Platysma Action

A

Draws corners of mouth inferiorly and widens it as in expressions of sadness and fright

112
Q

Mylohyoid Origin

A

Mylohyoid line of mandible

113
Q

Mylohyoid Insertion

A

Mylohyoid raphe and body of hyoid

114
Q

Mylohyoid Innervation

A

Nerve to mylohyoid; a branch of inferior alveolar nerve (from mandibular nerve, CN V3)

115
Q

Mylohyoid Action

A

Elevates hyoid, floor of mouth, and tongue during swallowing and speaking

116
Q

Geniohyoid Origin

A

Inferior mental spine of mandible

117
Q

Geniohyoid Insertion

A

Body of hyoid

118
Q

Geniohyoid Innervation

A

C1 via hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

119
Q

Geniohyoid Action

A

Pulls hyoid anterosuperiorly; shortens floor of mouth; widens pharynx

120
Q

Stylohyoid Origin

A

Styloid process of temporal bone

121
Q

Stylohyoid Insertion

A

Body of hyoid

122
Q

Stylohyoid Innervation

A

Stylohyoid branch of facial nerve (CN VII)

123
Q

Stylohyoid Action

A

Elevates and retracts hyoid, thus elongating floor of mouth

124
Q

Digastric Origin

A

Anterior belly: digastric fossa of mandible

Posterior belly: mastoid notch of temporal bone

125
Q

Digastric Insertion

A

Intermediate tendon to body and greater horn of hyoid

126
Q

Digastric Innervation

A

Anterior belly: nerve to mylohyoid, a branch of inferior alveolar nerve
Posterior belly: digastric branch of facial nerve (CN VII)

127
Q

Digastric Action

A

Working with infrahyoid muscles, depresses mandible against resistance elevates and steadies hyoid during swallowing and speaking

128
Q

Sternohyoid Origin

A

Manubrium of sternum and medial end of clavicle

129
Q

Sternohyoid Insertion

A

Body of hyoid

130
Q

Sternohyoid Innervation

A

C1-C3 by a branch of ansa cervicalis

131
Q

Sternohyoid Action

A

Depresses hyoid after elevation during swallowing

132
Q

Omohyoid Origin

A

Superior border of scapula near suprascapular notch

133
Q

Omohyoid Insertion

A

Inferior border of hyoid

134
Q

Omohyoid Innervation

A

C1-C3 by a branch of ansa cervicalis

135
Q

Omohyoid Action

A

Depresses, retracts, and steadies hyoid

136
Q

Sternothyroid Origin

A

Posterior surface of manubrium of sternum

137
Q

Sternothyroid Insertion

A

Oblique line of thyroid cartilage

138
Q

Sternothyroid Innervation

A

C2 and C3 by a branch of ansa cervicalis

139
Q

Sternothyroid Action

A

Depresses hyoid and larynx

140
Q

Thyrohyoid Origin

A

Oblique line of thyroid cartilage

141
Q

Thyrohyoid Insertion

A

Inferior border of body and greater horn of hyoid

142
Q

Thyrohyoid Innervation

A

C1 via hypoglossal nerve

143
Q

Thyrohyoid Action

A

Depresses hyoid and elevates larynx

144
Q

Temporalis Origin

A

Floor of temporal fossa and deep surface of temporalis fascia

145
Q

Temporalis Insertion

A

Tip and medial surface of coronoid process and anterior border of ramus of mandible

146
Q

Temporalis Innervation

A

Anterior trunk of mandibular nerve (CN V3) via deep temporal nerve

147
Q

Temporalis Action

A

Elevates mandible; closing jaw, retracts mandible

148
Q

Masseter Origin

A

Inferior border and medial surface of maxillary process of zygomatic bone and zygomati arch

149
Q

Masseter Insertion

A

Angle and lateral surface of ramus of mandible

150
Q

Masseter Innervation

A

Mandibular nerve (CN V3) via masseteric nerve

151
Q

Masseter Action

A

Elevates mandible

152
Q

Lateral Pterygoid Origin

A

Infratemporal surface and greater wing of sphenoid and lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate

153
Q

Lateral Pterygoid Insertion

A

Joint capsule and articular disc of TMJ; pterygoid fovea on anteromedial aspect of neck of condyloid process of mandible

154
Q

Lateral Pterygoid Innervation

A

Mandibular nerve (CN V3) via nerves to lateral pterygoid

155
Q

Medial Pterygoid Origin

A

Medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate and pyramidal process of palantine bone and tuberoisty of maxilla

156
Q

Medial Pterygoid Insertion

A

Medial surface of ramus of mandible, inferior to mandibular foramen

157
Q

Medial Pterygoid Innervation

A

Mandibular nerve (CN V3) via nerve to medial pterygoid

158
Q

Medial Pterygoid Action

A

Elevates mandible; protrudes mandible

159
Q

Lateral Pterygoid Action

A

Acting bilaterally: protracts mandible and depresses chin

Acting unilaterally: swings jaw toward contralateral side

Gross Anatomy (3 decks)

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