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Gross Anatomy > Unit 1 (Back, Arm, Elbow, Shoulder, Spinal Cord > Flashcards

Unit 1 (Back, Arm, Elbow, Shoulder, Spinal Cord Flashcards

1
Q

Trapezius Origination

A

EOP, Nuchal Ligament, spinous process of C7-T12

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2
Q

Trapezius Insertion

A

Lateral 1/3 Clavicle, Acromion, spine of scapula

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3
Q

Trapezius Innvervation

A

Spinal Accessory Nerve (CN XI), C3, C4

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4
Q

Trapezius Blood Supply

A

Transverse Cervical Artery

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5
Q

Trapezius Action

A

Desending - elevate scapula
Middle - Retract Scapula
Ascending - Depress Scapula

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6
Q

Latissimus Dorsi Origin

A

Spinous process of T7-T12, thoracolumbar fascia, illiac crest, inferior 3-4 ribs

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7
Q

Latissimus Dorsi Insertion

A

Floor of intertubercular groove of humerus

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8
Q

Latissimus Dorsi Innervation

A

Thoracodorsal Nerve (C6,C7)

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9
Q

Latissimus Dorsi Action

A

Extend, adduct, medially rotate shoulder, raises body towards arms when climbing

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10
Q

Levator Scapulae Origin

A

Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1-C4

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11
Q

Levator Scapulae Insertion

A

Medial border of scapula superior to root of spine

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12
Q

Levator Scapulae Innervation

A

Dorsal Scapular (C5), C3,C4

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13
Q

Levator Scapulae Action

A

Eleveates scapula and titls glenoid cavity inferiorly

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14
Q

Rhomboid minor/major Origin

A

Minor: nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7 and T1
Major: spinous processes of T2-T5

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15
Q

Rhomboid minor/major Insertion

A

Minor: triangular area at medial end of scapular spine
Major: medial border of scapula from level of spine to inferior angle

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16
Q

Rhomboid Innveration

A

Dorsal Scapular Nerve (C5)

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17
Q

Rhomboid Action

A

Retract scapula and rotate it to depress glenoid cavity

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18
Q

Splenius Origin

A

Nuchal ligament and spinous processes of C7-T6

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19
Q

Splenius Insertion

A

Splenius Capitis: mastoid process of temporal bone and lateral third of superiour nuchal line of occipital bone
Splenius Cervicis: tubercles of transverse processes of C1-C3 or C4

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20
Q

Splenius Innveration

A

Post rami of spinal nerves

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21
Q

Splenius Action

A

Acting alone: laterally flex neck and rotate head to same side
Acting together: extend head and neck

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22
Q

Erector Spinae (Illocostalis, Longissimus, Spinalis) Origin

A

Broad tendon from posterior illiac crest, posterior surface of sacrum, sacro-illiac ligaments, sacral and inferior lumbar spinous processes and supraspinous ligament

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23
Q

Erector Spinae (Illocostalis, Longissimus, Spinalis) Insertion

A

Illiocostalis (lumborum, thoracis, cervicis): angles of lower ribs and cervical transverse processes
Longissimus (thoracis, cervicis, capitis): ribs between tubercles and angles, transverse processes in thoracic and cervical regions, mastoid process of temporal bone
Spinalis (thoracis, cervicis, capitis): spinous processes in upper thoracic region and cranium

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24
Q

Erector Spinae (Illocostalis, Longissimus, Spinalis) Innervation

A

Post rami of spinal nerves

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25
Q

Erector Spinae (Illocostalis, Longissimus, Spinalis) Action

A

Bilaterally: extend vertebral column and head
Unilaterally: laterally flex vertebral column

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26
Q

Semispnialis (thoracis, cervicis, capitis) Origin

A

Transverse processes of C4-T10

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27
Q

Semispinalis (thoracis, cervicis, capitis) Insertion

A

Occipital bone and spinous processes in upper thoracic and cervical regions

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28
Q

Semispinalis (thoracis, cervicis, capitis) Innervation

A

Post rami of spinal nerves

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29
Q

Semispinalis (thoracis, cervicis, capitis) Action

A

Extends head and thoracic and cervical regions of vertebral column and rotates them contralaterally

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30
Q

Multifidus Origin

A

Posterior sacrum, posterior superior illiac spine, aponeurosis of erector spinae, sacro-illiac ligaments, mammillary processes of lumbar vertebrae, transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae, articular processes of C4-C7

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31
Q

Multifidus Insertion

A

Fibvers pass obliquely superomedially to entire length of spinous processes of vertebrae locaated 2-4 segments superior to origin

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32
Q

Multifidus Innervation

A

Post rami of spinal nerves

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33
Q

Multifiuds Action

A

Unilateral contraction rotates to contralateral side

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34
Q

Rotatores Origin

A

Transverse processes of vertebrae

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35
Q

Rotatores Insertion

A

junction of lamina and transverse processes or spinous process of vertebra immedidately (brevis) or two segments (longus) superior to vertebra of origin

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36
Q

Rotatores Innervation

A

Post rami of spinal nerves

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37
Q

Rotatores Action

A

Proprioception

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38
Q

Rectus capitis posterior major Origin

A

Spinous process of C2

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39
Q

Rectus capitis posterior major Insertion

A

Lateral 1/3 of inferior nuchal line

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40
Q

Rectus capitis posterior minor Origin

A

Posterior tubercle of C1

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41
Q

Rectus capitis posterior minor Insertion

A

Medial 1/3 of inferior nuchal line

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42
Q

Rectus capitis posterior Action

A

Bilateral: Extends head
Unilateral: Rotates head to same side

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43
Q

Obliquus capitis inferior Origin

A

Spinous process of C2

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44
Q

Obliquus capitis inferior Insertion

A

Transverse process of C1

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45
Q

Obliquus capitis inferior Action

A

Bilateral: Extends head
Unilateral: Rotates head to same side

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46
Q

Obliquus capitis Superior Origin

A

Transverse process of C1

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47
Q

Obliquus capitis Superior Insertion

A

Occipital bone between superior and inferior nuchal lines

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48
Q

Obliquus capitis Superior Action

A

Bilateral: Extends head
Unilateral: Tilts head to same side, rotates to opposite side

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49
Q

Serratus Posterior Inferior Origin

A

Spinous processes of T11-L2

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50
Q

Serratus Posterior Inferior Insertion

A

Inferior borders of ribs 8-12 near their angles

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51
Q

Serratus Posterior Inferior Action

A

Depresses Ribs

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52
Q

Serratus Posterior Inferior Innervation

A

9-11 Intercostal nerves, subcostal nerve

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53
Q

Serratus Posterior Superior Origin

A

Nuchal Ligament, spinous processes of C7-T3

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54
Q

Serratus Posterior Superior Insertion

A

2nd-4th ribs

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55
Q

Serratus Posterior Superior Action

A

Elevate Ribs

56
Q

Serratus Posterior Superior Innervation

A

2nd-5th Intercostal nerves

57
Q

Platysma Origin

A

Fascia covering superior parts of pectoralis major and deltoid muscles

58
Q

Platysma Insertion

A

Inferior border of mandible, skin, and subcutaneous tissues of lower face

59
Q

Platysma Innervation

A

Cervical branch of facial nerve (CN VII)

60
Q

Platysma Actions

A

Draws corners of mouth inferiorly and widens it as in expressions of sadness and fright

61
Q

Sternocleidomastoid Origin

A

Sternal Head: anterior surface of manubrium of sternum

Clavicual Head: superior surface of medial third of clavicle

62
Q

Sternocleidomastoid Insertion

A

Lateral surface of mastoid process of temporal bone and lateral half of superior nuchal line

63
Q

Sternoclediomastoid Innervation

A

Motor- Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)

Sensory - C2 and C3 nerves

64
Q

Sternocleidomastoid Action

A

Unilateral: tilts head to same side and rotates so face is turned superiorly toward opposite side
Bilateral: extends neck at atlanto-occipital joints; flexes cervical vertebrae so that chin approaches manubrium; extends superior cervical vertebrae while flexing inferior vertebrae so chin is thrust forward with head kept level

65
Q

Anterior Scalene Origin

A

Anterior tubercles of transverse processes of C3-C6 vertebrae

66
Q

Anterior Scalene Insertion

67
Q

Anterior Scalene Innervation

A

Cervical spine nerves C4-C6

68
Q

Anterior Scalene Action

A

Flexes neck laterally, elevates 1st rib during forced inspiration

69
Q

Middle Scalene Origin

A

Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C4-C7 vertebrae

70
Q

Middle Scalene Insertion

A

Superior surface of 1st rib, posterior to groove for subclavian artery

71
Q

Middle Scalene Innervation

A

Anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves

72
Q

Middle Scalene Action

A

Flexes neck laterally, elevates 1st rib during forced inspiration

73
Q

Posterior Scalene Origin

A

Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C4-C6 vertebrae

74
Q

Posterior Scalene Insertion

A

External border of 2nd rib

75
Q

Posterior Scalene Innervation

A

Anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves C7 and C8

76
Q

Posterior Scalene Action

A

Flexes neck laterally, elevates 2nd rib during forced inspiration

77
Q

Deltoid Origin

A

Lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula

78
Q

Deltoid Insertion

A

Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

79
Q

Deltoid Innervation

A

Axillary Nerve (C5, C6)

80
Q

Deltoid Action

A

Clavicular (anterior): flexes and medially rotates shoulder
Acromial (middle): abducts shoulder
Spinal (posterior): extends and laterally rotates shoulder

81
Q

Supraspinatus Origin

A

Supraspinous fossa of scapula

82
Q

Supraspinatus Insertion

A

Superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus

83
Q

Supraspinatus Innervation

A

Suprascapular Nerve (C4, C5, C6)

84
Q

Supraspinatus Action

A

Initiates and assist deltoid in abduction of shoulder and acts with other rotator cuff muscles

85
Q

Infraspinatus Origin

A

Infraspinous fossa of scapula

86
Q

Infraspinatus Insertion

A

Middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus

87
Q

Infraspinatus Innervation

A

Suprascapular Nerve (C5, C6)

88
Q

Infraspinatus Action

A

Laterally rotates shoulder, helps hold humeral head in glenoid cavity of scapula

89
Q

Teres Minor Origin

A

Middle part of lateral border of scapula

90
Q

Teres Minor Insertion

A

Inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus

91
Q

Teres Minor Innervation

A

Axillary Nerve (C5, C6)

92
Q

Teres Minor Action

A

Laterally rotates shoulder, helps hold humeral head in glenoid cavity of scapula

93
Q

Teres Major Origin

A

Inferior part of lateral border of scapula and posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula

94
Q

Teres Major Insertion

A

Medial lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus

95
Q

Teres Major Innervation

A

Lower subscapular nerve (C5, C6)

96
Q

Teres Major Action

A

Adducts and medially rotates shoulder joint

97
Q

Subscapularis Origin

A

Subscapular fossa

98
Q

Subscapularis Insertion

A

Lesser tubercle of humerus

99
Q

Subscapularis Innervation

A

Upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5, C6, C7)

100
Q

Subscapularis Action

A

Medially rotates and adducts shoulder, helps hold humeral head in glenoid cavity

101
Q

Pectoralis Major Origin

A

Clavicular Head: anterior surface of medial half of clavicle

Sternocostal Head: anterior surface of sternum, superior six costal cartilages, aponeurosis of external oblique muscle

102
Q

Pectoralis Major Insertion

A

Lateral lip of intertubercular groove of humerus

103
Q

Pectoralis Major Innervation

A

Lateral and Medial pectoral nerves, clavicular head (C5, C6), sternocostal head (C7, C8, T1)

104
Q

Pectoralis Major Action

A

Adducts and medially rotates shoulder joint, draws scapula anteriorly and inferiorly
Acting alone, clavicular head flexes shoulder joint and sternocostal head extends it from the flexed position

105
Q

Pectoralis Minor Origin

A

3rd-5th ribs near their costal cartilages

106
Q

Pectoralis Minor Insertion

A

Medial and superior surface of coracoid process of scapula

107
Q

Pectoralis Minor Innervation

A

Medial Pectoral Nerve (C8, T1)

108
Q

Pectoralis Minor Action

A

Stabilizes scapula by drawing inferiorly and anteriorly against thoracic wall

109
Q

Subclavius Origin

A

Junction of 1st rib and its costal cartilage

110
Q

Subclavius Insertion

A

Inferior surface of middle third of clavicle

111
Q

Subclavius Innervation

A

Nerve to Subclavius (C5, C6)

112
Q

Subclavius Action

A

Anchors and depresses clavicle

113
Q

Serratus Anterior Origin

A

External surfaces of lateral parts of 1st-8th ribs

114
Q

Serratus Anterior Insertion

A

Anterior surface of medial border of scapula

115
Q

Serratus Anterior Innervation

A

Long thoracic Nerve (C5, C6, C7)

116
Q

Serratus Anterior Action

A

Protracts scapula and hold against thoracic wall; rotates scapula

117
Q

Biceps Brachii Origin

A

Short Head: tip of coracoid process of scapula

Long Head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

118
Q

Biceps Brachii Insertion

A

Tuberosity of radius and fascia of forearm via bicipital aponeurosis

119
Q

Biceps Brachii Innervation

A

Musculocutaneous Nerve (C5, C6)

120
Q

Biceps Brachii Action

A

Supinates forearm and, when it is supinated, flexes elbow joint; flexes shoulder joint; short head resists dislocation of shoulder

121
Q

Brachialis Origin

A

Distal half of anterior surface of humerus

122
Q

Brachialis Insertion

A

Coronoid process and tubersoity of ulna

123
Q

Brachialis Innervation

A

Musculocutaneous Nerve (C5, C6)

124
Q

Brachialis Action

A

Flexes elbow joint in all position

125
Q

Corocobrachialis Origin

A

Tip of coracoid process of scapula

126
Q

Corocobrachialis Insertion

A

Middle third of medial surface of humerus

127
Q

Corocobrachialis Innervation

A

Musculocutaneous Nerve (C5, C6, C7)

128
Q

Corocobrachialis Action

A

Helps flex and adduct shoulder joint; resists dislocation of shoulder

129
Q

Triceps Brachii Origin

A

Long Head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Lateral Head: posterior surface of humerus, superior to radial groove
Medial Head: posterior surface of humerus, inferior to radial groove

130
Q

Triceps Brachii Insertion

A

Proximal end of olecranon of ulna and fascia of forearm

131
Q

Triceps Brachii Innervation

A

Radial Nerve (C6, C7, C8)

132
Q

Triceps Brachii Action

A

Chief extensor of elbow joint; long head extends shoulder joint and resists dislocation of humerus (especially important during abduction)

133
Q

Omohyoid Origin

A

Superior border of scapula near suprascapular notch

134
Q

Omohyoid Insertion

A

Inferior border of hyoid bone

135
Q

Omohyoid Innervation

A

C1-C3 by a branch of ansa cervicalis

136
Q

Omohyoid Action

A

Depresses, retracts and steadies hyoid

Gross Anatomy (3 decks)

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