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AP World > Unit 3 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Flashcards

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AP® World History flashcards
1
Q

How is the Kaaba related to Judaism?

A

It’s associated with Abraham

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2
Q

From who did Muhammad receive his message?

A

God through the Angel Gabriel

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3
Q

What is the meaning of the term Islam?

A

Submission of surrender

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4
Q

How and why did caliphs exert their power?

A

They exerted their power because the religious community was also a state, complete with its own government and a powerful army that conquered neighboring regions.

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5
Q

Define hijrah

A

Journey of Muhammad and followers to medina

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6
Q

Define Jihad

A

Struggle or fight against non Muslims. “Holy war” is basic meaning

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7
Q

What are the five pillars of Islam? Define and spell each

A

1) allah is only God and Muhammad is messenger
2) pray five times a day in direction of Mecca
3) pay$ support of needy
4) don’t eat, drink, or sex during rammadan
5) if you can pilgrimage to Mecca

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8
Q

What does Sunni translate to? What are the beliefs is Sunnis

A

People of custom and community
Largest. Leader of Islam should be chosen through consensus and legitimate claims to descent only through male. Believe Ali and Fatima descendants can’t become caliph

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9
Q

Shi’ites translation and beliefs

A

Shia or party of Ali. Smaller. Support Ali’s claim to succeed Muhammad and think grandchildren of Ali and Fatima show lead. Deny legitimacy of first three caliphs

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10
Q

What’s the official language of the Quran?

A

Arabic

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11
Q

How did Muslim rulers treat conquered people’s?

A

The Muslims levied the same tax on all conquered people as long as they converted

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12
Q

Summarize the Umayyad dynasty.

A

661-750. Caliphs became the standard polictical leader of Islam. Muawiya unified the Muslim community. His son became caliph and built the capital city as Damascus. Arabic was official language. Built the Great Mosque on relics of John the Baptist. First mosque with huge area to pray to Mecca

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13
Q

How did Muslims translate the second commandment?

A

They instead use drawings of imaginary landscape

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14
Q

How was Baghdad the cultural center of the Arab world?

A

People spoke 4 different languages their and celebrated together. Translation movement: translate math and science books to Arabic. Invented algebra, decimal, and algorithms. Paper factories: increased number of books

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15
Q

How were merchants viewed in Islamic society?

A

They were seen as people to give back and help. To mosques and the poor

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16
Q

How did Islam spread to North Africa?

A

Islamic merchants traveled to and from North Africa.

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17
Q

Describe the rise and fall of the Abbasid dynasty

A

After the fall of the Umayyad caliph, civil war broke out. A group of soldiers triumphed and moved the capital to Baghdad. It was named after Muhhmmads uncle Abbas. The dynasty broke up from 809-936. Governors didn’t pay the central government and civil war between rivals fighting for the caliphate broke down the economy and tax revenues from irrigation that was destroyed declined

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18
Q

What is the rihla?

A

Arabic name for the book “travels” describing the pilgrimage to Mecca and the rituals performed there

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19
Q

Where is Muhammad’s tomb?

A

Medina

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20
Q

What was the most powerful empire in Europe after the fall of East Rome?

A

Abbasid

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21
Q

How did romans view germanic tribes

A

they looked down on them because they didn’t read, write, werent christian, and lived in small villages

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22
Q

how did the byzantines perserve greek culture?

A

Many spoke Greek. Easterners were sometimes called Greek

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23
Q

who was the highest ranking bishop in rome?

A

Pope

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24
Q

Describe Hagia Sophia. what was its purpose? Why was it built?

A

Magnificent church called Church of Holy Wisdom built by Justinian and Theodora. First built with a majestic dome. not a rectangular plane. Built as an expression of gratitude after a riot suppressing.

25
Q

Describe how the plague affected Europe

A

Fighting btwn E and W frontiers stopped. started on the coast and moved inland through mosquitos. btwn 230,000 and 375000 in constantinople died. Throughout eruope, population declined, cities shrank, the economy contracted, and tax revenues plummeted. craftsmen and merchants became farmers. the paid army collapsed and islamic armies took land in north africa.

26
Q

Why did the Byzantine empire decline?

A

The Plague and Islamic conquests. The fourth crusade

27
Q

What was the iconoclast controversy?

A

Iconoclasts or Image breakers were a group of people during the byzantine empire in the 8th century who used the second commandment to justify them destroying religious pictures.

28
Q

who were the Franks?

A

a group of barbarians who defeated byzantine armies in battle. They were from northern Europe and eventually the pope crowned Charlemagne(king of franks) the emperor of Rome.

29
Q

Who was Clovis? how was he similar to constantine?

A

started Merovingian dynasty that ruled France and Germany for 270 years. He used great military success with marriage alliances to build a long standing dynasty. He promised to convert to christ if he helped win in battle just like constantine. He was baptized after victory.

30
Q

Charlemagne. What group did he lead.

A

Ruler of Franks. War bond ruler. Fought wars versus germanic tribes. Eventual leader of Rome. Overall, led Carolingians

31
Q

Who was Ibn Battuta? Why were his trips significant for the time?

A

Longest known journey by single person before 1500. 75,000 miles on foot, camels, donkeys, or sailing. He was a 22 year old scholar. His journey was a hajj from Tangier. instead of returning home, he kept going.

32
Q

Describe the Kingdom of Ghana

A

First empire in western sudan. Started with small periodic market villages that grew and grew. the towns became city-states and later Ghana

33
Q

How did sub-Saharan Africans become farmers?

A

Bantu language spread south where rainfall was heavier. People from nigeria and cameroon moved there and started farming and replaced hunter gatherers and indengious populations.

34
Q

describe the kingdom of Mali.

A

Story of Mali is an epic. Sundiata overthrew a local king and united people in the region. Mali kings had griots write new info about the dynastic predecessors and add their stories too. The Mali Gov’t source of revenue was taxing trade.

35
Q

Who was Mansa Musa?

A

a successor of sundiata. Super rich. was called supreme leader. He traveled with servants carrying 6 poung gold bars and camels carrying 700lbs of travel $

36
Q

what did Ibn Battuta observe about the Islamic society of Mali? How was it different then he believed?

A

It was unlike he thought it would be. There wasn’t a standard of behavior like elsewhere in the muslim world. Descent was determined by the mother not the father.

37
Q

Why was salt important in Africa?

A

It was an important trade item that helped develop society

38
Q

what dynasty reunited China after the fall of the Tang?

A

Song

39
Q

What major political change was made by the founder of the song?

A

Civillian rule rather then military rule

40
Q

what role did the introduction of paper money play in China?

A

It expanded the money supply helping economic growth.

41
Q

What was the goal of foot binding?

A

to make feet more beautiful so girls would get married. Also the women couldn’t run away so males can keep dominance

42
Q

What was the importance of the movable type in china?

A

It helped print things over and over a lot quicker. Dropped cost of books produced educational boom.

43
Q

Buddhism

A

Zhu Xi(influential thinker) claimed Buddhism wasn’t a Chinese practice and urged followers to give it up even tho he clearly used buddhist practices in his teachings.

44
Q

Neo-Confucianism

A

Zhu Xi’s teachings were called neo-Confucianism as he added new revisions to Confucianism teachings. Study four books and observe around them

45
Q

Confucianism

A

confucius’ teachings. all about loyalty. used on civil service exams

46
Q

What was neo-confucianism?

A

New confucianism. Had revisions from Zhu Xi and other thinkers but still had original Confucius teachings

47
Q

Describe the feudal system in Europe. What were the different social classes?

A

System of social and legal class in Europe from 1000-1400.
serfs-not slaves but worked Lords land. Gave lord share of their crop.
Lords- Highest. Land owner. Protected by knights.

48
Q

What was the initial cause of the Hundreds’ years war.

A

Battle between Edward III of England and The French because Edward III was next in line for king.

49
Q

What was the result of the Hundred years was in terms of military?

A

A treaty ended the war.

50
Q

What lead Pope Urban II to call for the crusades?

A

The muslim control over jerusalem.

51
Q

Who was Saladin? What role did he play in the crusades?

A

Muslim leader. overthrew the egyptian dynasty and started ayyubid dynasty. Tricked crusades into a trap and defeated them. They took back Jerusalem.

52
Q

What were the effects of mongol rule during the 1300s?

A

Massive expansion! Conquered people kept same rule.

53
Q

What was the name given to the mongol period of rule in china?

A

Yuan dynasty or Mongol empire

54
Q

What characteristics made the Mongols military conquerors?

A

skill with horses and systematic use of terror

55
Q

Who was Chinngis Khan?

A

Founder of Mongol Empire. Tough childhood when dad died and grew up earning respect of fighting tribes.

56
Q

Describe the Ottomans

A

Group of Turkic muslim nomads who conquered Anatolia and ended the Byzantine empire after its conquest of Constantinople

57
Q

What happened to constantinople after the conquest of the Ottomans?

A

islamic school were established. Greek, Slavic, and Turkic people in the region moved into the city.

58
Q

How was Kublai Khan related to Chinngis

A

His grandson

59
Q

Who is credited with turning Constantinople into a muslim city?

A

Mehmed the Conqueror

AP World (3 decks)

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