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Nat 5 Physics > Unit 3 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is resistance?

A

How much of a component opposes the flow of current

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2
Q

As total resistance increases what happens to the current?

A

It decreases

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3
Q

What is resistance measured in?

A

Ohms

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4
Q

What kind of charge does an electron have?

A

Negative

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5
Q

What kind of charge does a proton have?

A

Positive

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6
Q

What do objects with the same charge do when placed close together?

A

Repel each other

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7
Q

What do objects with opposite charge do when paced close together?

A

Attract each other

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8
Q

Are electrons free to move in a conductor?

A

Yes

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9
Q

Are electrons free to move in insulators?

A

No

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10
Q

What happens when two insulators a rubbed together?

A

Become electrically charged - transfer electrons between them though friction

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11
Q

How are the comments linked in a series circuit?

A

In a loop

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12
Q

How would make an object positively/ negatively charged?

A

Electrons must be added/ removed

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13
Q

What is current?

A

The amount of charge flowing per second

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14
Q

What is current measured in?

A

Amperes (A)

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15
Q

What is one amp equal to?

A

One columb per second

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16
Q

What is an electric field?

A

The region around an electric charge

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17
Q

What do electrical field lines indicate?

A

The force exerted on a positive electric charge. Lines closer together - greater force exerted

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18
Q

What is voltage?

A

A measure of the energy given to the charges in a circuit

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19
Q

What is voltage measured in?

A

Volts (V)

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20
Q

What is potential difference?

A

Measure of the difference in energy across two points in a circuit

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21
Q

What does one volt equal?

A

One joule per coulomb

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22
Q

What is a voltage divider circuit?

A

Uses two or more resistors in series to provide a part of a supply voltage

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23
Q

Why are voltage divider circuits used?

A

To prevent a component getting damaged

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24
Q

In a voltage divider circuit is the current equal at all points?

A

Yes

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25
Q

When temperature is increased on a thermistor, what happens to the resistance?

A

It decreases

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26
Q

When light increases in a LDR, what happens to the resistance?

A

Decreases

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27
Q

What does a diode allow the current to do in a circuit?

A

Flow in one direction

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28
Q

What can a diode do to the power in a circuit?

A

Change it from AC to DC

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29
Q

What is a transistor?

A

A voltage controlled switch, responds to a change at the input

30
Q

What are the two types of transistors?

A

Bi-polar transistor and MOSFET

31
Q

What are capacitors?

A

Components that store charge and energy

32
Q

What happens when a capacitor is connected to a power supply?

A

Capacitor charges and a potential difference is created across the capacitor

33
Q

When resistance increases, what happens to the time taken for capacitor to charge?

A

Greater time to charge

34
Q

Capacitors can be used in what type of circuits?

A

In timing circuits, eg-alarms

35
Q

What is power?

A

How much energy is transferred per second

36
Q

What is power measured in?

A

Watts (W)

37
Q

How is power loss in transmission lines calculated?

A

P=I^2R

38
Q

What does a step up transformer in power lines do?

A

Increases voltage across transmission lines

39
Q

Wha does a step down transformer do in transmission lines?

A

Reduces voltage to a safe level

40
Q

How is power loss reduced in transmission lines?

A

Voltage is increased meaning current decreases

41
Q

What is a fuse?

A

A wire with a low melting point

42
Q

If the current in a circuit is too high what happens to the fuse?

A

Heats up and melts

43
Q

What is a ring circuit used for?

A

Used to connect a set of main sockets

44
Q

What are some advantages of ring circuits?

A

Lower current in wires, thinner wires (less current), low cost, mains sockets can be easily added/removed

45
Q

What is energy measured in?

A

Joules (J)

46
Q

What is gravitational potential energy?

A

A object gains this energy when it is raised

47
Q

What is kinetic energy?

A

An object gains this energy when it’s moving

48
Q

Can energy be created or destroyed?

A

No energy is lost or transformed from one type to another

49
Q

When a ball is dropped what kind of energy has it got?

A

Potential energy hen when dropped it is transformed into kinetic energy

50
Q

During every energy transfer some energy is lost to the surroundings as what?

A

Heat energy

51
Q

What does lost energy equal?

A

Initial energy - final energy

52
Q

What is the efficiency of a device?

A

How much of the energy input is transformed into useful energy output

53
Q

What is temperature?

A

A measure of how hot or cold an object is

54
Q

To find the temperature in kelvin what do you do?

A

Tc + 273

55
Q

When a substance is heated what happens to the atoms?

A

Atoms vibrate faster and kinetic energy of atoms increases

56
Q

What is conduction?

A

Thermal energy is transferred by vibrating atoms

57
Q

What is convection?

A

Thermal energy is transferred by movement of atoms within a substance (only happens in liquids and gases)

58
Q

What is radiation?

A

Thermal energy is radiated as electromagnetic waves

59
Q

What is specific heat capacity?

A

The amount of heat energy required to change the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1 degree

60
Q

What is pressure?

A

The force per unit area

61
Q

What is pressure measured in?

A

Pascals (Pa)

62
Q

What is an example of high pressure?

A

Sharp knife through food

63
Q

What is an example of low pressure?

A

Snow boots

64
Q

In a kinetic model of gas does each particle have different values of kinetic energy?

A

Yes, they move at different velocities

65
Q

What is Boyle’s Law?

A

Pressure is inversely proportional to a fixed mass of gas at a constant temperature

66
Q

What is the equation for Boyle’s Law?

A

p1V1 = p2V2

67
Q

What is the Pressure Law?

A

For a fixed mass of gas at a constant volume , pressure is directly proportional to temperature

68
Q

What is the equation for Pressure Law?

A

p1/T1 = p2/T2

69
Q

What is Charles’ Law?

A

As temperature increases, volume increases. For a fixed mass of gas at a constant pressure

70
Q

What is the equation for Charles’ Law?

A

V1/T1 = V2/T2

71
Q

What is the general gas equation?

A

p1V1/T1 = p2V2/T2

Nat 5 Physics (3 decks)

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