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Nat 5 Physics > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a vector quantity?

A

Has magnitude and direction

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2
Q

Give an example of a scalor quantity

A

Distance, speed, time, power, etc.

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3
Q

Give an example of a vector quantity

A

Displacement, velocity, acceleration, force

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4
Q

What is displacement?

A

The direct distance from start to end

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5
Q

What is speed?

A

The distance traveled per unit time

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6
Q

What is velocity?

A

The displacement per unit time

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7
Q

To find a resultant force what would be used?

A

Pythagoras and trigonometry

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8
Q

Vectors can be combined to produce what?

A

A resultant vector

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9
Q

What is acceleration?

A

The change in velocity per unit time

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10
Q

What causes an object to accelerate when dropped?

A

An unbalanced force

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11
Q

Ignoring friction do all objects in free fall accelerate at the same rate?

A

Yes

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12
Q

On a velocity time graph, how is displacement calculated?

A

Area of each shape is found then added together

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13
Q

What is the unit of force and how can it be measured?

A

Newtons (N), using a Newton balance

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14
Q

When does a balanced force occur?

A

When an object has equal sized forces acting in opposite direction

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15
Q

What happens to the motion of an object when the forces are balanced?

A

Will be at rest or traveling in a straight line at a constant velocity

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16
Q

What happens to the motion of an object when the forces are unbalanced?

A

Object will be accelerating or decelerating

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17
Q

An object falling at terminal velocity will have what kind of forces acting on it?

A

Balanced forces. Weight down will balance with air resistance upwards

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18
Q

When does an unbalanced force occur?

A

When an object has forces acting on it that do not cancel each other out

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19
Q

When does friction occur?

A

When two surfaces are in contact while moving past each other

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20
Q

What is a scalor quantity?

A

Quality that only has magnitude

21
Q

How can friction be reduced?

A

If the surface contact area is reduced or surface is smoother

22
Q

When friction acts between surfaces what types of energy are there?

A

Kinetic energy is transformed into heat energy

23
Q

What is Newton’s first law?

A

An object will remain at rest or remain at a constant velocity unless acted on by an unbalanced force

24
Q

What is Newton’s second law?

A

The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the unbalanced force and inversely proportional to the mass of an object

25
Q

What is Newton’s third law?

A

If object A exerts a force on object B, then object A exerts an equal but opposite force on object A

26
Q

What is mass?

A

The amount of matter in an object

27
Q

What is weight?

A

The force on an object caused by the force of gravity

28
Q

What is work done?

A

An amount of energy being transferred

29
Q

When is a object a projectile?

A

If it has both vertical and horizontal motion

30
Q

What happens to the vertical and horizontal motion in a projectile?

A

Horizontal velocity is constant. Vertical velocity is increasing

31
Q

As the height (altitude) of a satellite increases, what happens to the period?

A

It increases

32
Q

What are some uses of satellites?

A

Telecommunications, weather forecasting, satnav

33
Q

How does a rocket take off in terms of forces and motion?

A

If the up thrust force remains constant, the unbalanced force increases and acceleration increases

34
Q

When a space craft re enters Earth’s atmosphere, what does friction cause?

A

It transforms kinetic energy into heat energy

35
Q

If the angle of re-entry is too steep what happens to the spacecraft?

A

Drag force is too large, too much heat and space craft is destroyed

36
Q

If the angle of re-entry is too shallow what happens to the spacecraft?

A

Drag force is too small, spacecraft returns to orbit

37
Q

What is used to protect spacecrafts during re entry?

A

Silica tiles?

38
Q

Why are silica tiles used to protect spacecrafts?

A

They have a high melting point, good insulators, will remain a constant temperature as they melt. Painted black to radiate heat

39
Q

What is specific latent heat?

A

The heat energy needed to change the state of 1kg of material

40
Q

What is specific latent heat of vaporisation used for?

A

The change between liquid and gas

41
Q

What is specific latent heat of fusion used for?

A

The change between a liquid and a solid

42
Q

What type of energy is either absorbed or released when a material changes state?

A

Heat energy

43
Q

What can be used to identify elements present within stars?

A

Spectra

44
Q

Where does a continuos spectrum come from?

A

A hot white light source

45
Q

Where does a line spectrum come from?

A

A hot gaseous element. Shows frequencies on a black background

46
Q

What is a light year?

A

The distance light travels in one year

47
Q

What is one light year?

A

9.47 x 10^15 m

48
Q

What does a continuous spectrum contain?

A

All the wavelengths (colours) of light

Nat 5 Physics (3 decks)

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