Unit 3 Flashcards
What is divine right
King believes he is chosen by God
How did the creation of bureaucracies in France increase the power of the king?
Took power away from other nobles
What did Absolutism lead to in Europe?
Wars, over-taxation, revolutions, growth of armoes
What was the First Estate in France?
Clergy (Catholic church)
The Second Estate
Nobility (including the King)
The Third Estate
Everyone else (peasants, workers)
Who were the Bourgeoisie?
(Rich from the 3rd estate)
What is the Old Regime?
The way government was run before the French Revolution
Louis XIV was also known as
Sun King
What did Louis XIV build as monument to his power and status as an absolute monarch?
The Palace of Versailles
How did Louis XIV strip the power of other nobles to make him more powerful?
Made all the nobles move to Versailles where he could control them
What did Frederick the Great of Prussia see as his primary role as king?
Expand the size of his army and territory
Why did King Louis XVI call for the Estates-General, or a meeting of all three Estates?
France was bankrupt; needed to raise taxes
Why did the Third Estate get kicked out of the Estates-General?
They wanted more power and representation
What was the Tennis Court Oath?
3rd estate vow to stay and create a constitution
What did the Third Estate call their new government?
National Assembly
What revolt that started the French Revolution (also the date of France’s Independence)?
Storming of the Bastille
What French document that was modeled after the Declaration of Independence?
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
In 1792, the Nation Convention made France what kind of government?
A republic
What did the French National Convention abolish in 1792?
The monarch/nobility
What happened to Louis XVI after the tried to escape France in 1792?
Put on trial for treason; found guilty and was executed
The period in France from 1793-1794, under the rule of Robespierre is called?
The Reign of Terror
Who took power in a coup d’état in 1799; later crowned himself emperor of France in 1804?
Napoleon
What was Napoleon’s escape from exile and last attempt to rule France called?
100 days
Where did Napoleon lose most of his army, forcing him into exile?
Russia
What was the agreement between the Catholic Church and Napoleon called?
Concordat
What was the Continental System, imposed by Napoleon?
Attempt to cut off (isolate) Britain from trading with the rest of Europe
What was the common name for the Civil Code of 1804 in France?
Napoleonic Code
What battle marked the final end to Napoleon and the French Revolution in 1815?
Battle of Waterloo
What was the main goal of the Congress of Vienna in 1815?
To prevent new revolutions
What did the Karlsbad decrees try to do?
Limit free speech in Germany
Why could only 8% of the population of Britain vote in 1815?
Only land owning men could vote; fewer people owned land due to industrialization
Although it failed at first, what did the People’s Charter of 1838 attempt to do in Britain?
Grant suffrage (the right to vote) to all men
Who publised “The Communist Manifesto” in 1848?
Karl Marx
Who was the last French king, also called the “bourgeoisie monarch”?
Louis-Philippe
Who created the liberal economic philosophy of “laissez-faire”?
Adam Smith
Who developed the germ theory?
Lohis Pasteur
Why did romance develop in cities, although mainly among the lower classes?
People in cities didn’t know, as they did in small towns
Name 3 reasons women started having fewer children in the 1800’s
Fewer women dying in childbirth; women waiting longer to marry; children valued more, seen as economic “units”; more food led to lower children mortality
The Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494 split the world between what 2 countries?
Spain/Portugal
The widespread exchange of animals, plants, culture, human populations, and ideas between the Old World and the New World is called?
The Columbian Exchange
Which two men helped South America to become independent from Spain in the 1810’s?
Jose de San Martin and Simon Bolivar
Which two men helped Mexico to become independent from Spain in the 1810’s?
Miguel Hidalgo and Jose Maria Morelos
What is the main result of the liberalism movement?
It reduced the power of kings and churches and gave more power to common people
What two countries are formed in Europe in the mid-1800’s directly as a result of the liberalism and nationalism movements?
Germany and Italy
What is Nationalism?
Loyalty to your nation with a common culture over a king/empire
Define the following political philosophies of the 1800’s in Europe and who supported it: Liberal, Conservative, Radical
Liberal: middle-class that wanted elected parliaments, but only the educated and landowners could vote Conservative: nobles and the wealthy that wanted to continue traditional monarchies Radical: wanted democracy and the vote for all men, as in France and the French Revolution
What is an absolute monarch
King with complete power; doesn’t share power
