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Wld History Peirce Study Guide > Unit 3 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is divine right

A

King believes he is chosen by God

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2
Q

How did the creation of bureaucracies in France increase the power of the king?

A

Took power away from other nobles

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3
Q

What did Absolutism lead to in Europe?

A

Wars, over-taxation, revolutions, growth of armoes

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4
Q

What was the First Estate in France?

A

Clergy (Catholic church)

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5
Q

The Second Estate

A

Nobility (including the King)

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6
Q

The Third Estate

A

Everyone else (peasants, workers)

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7
Q

Who were the Bourgeoisie?

A

(Rich from the 3rd estate)

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8
Q

What is the Old Regime?

A

The way government was run before the French Revolution

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9
Q

Louis XIV was also known as

A

Sun King

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10
Q

What did Louis XIV build as monument to his power and status as an absolute monarch?

A

The Palace of Versailles

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11
Q

How did Louis XIV strip the power of other nobles to make him more powerful?

A

Made all the nobles move to Versailles where he could control them

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12
Q

What did Frederick the Great of Prussia see as his primary role as king?

A

Expand the size of his army and territory

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13
Q

Why did King Louis XVI call for the Estates-General, or a meeting of all three Estates?

A

France was bankrupt; needed to raise taxes

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14
Q

Why did the Third Estate get kicked out of the Estates-General?

A

They wanted more power and representation

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15
Q

What was the Tennis Court Oath?

A

3rd estate vow to stay and create a constitution

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16
Q

What did the Third Estate call their new government?

A

National Assembly

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17
Q

What revolt that started the French Revolution (also the date of France’s Independence)?

A

Storming of the Bastille

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18
Q

What French document that was modeled after the Declaration of Independence?

A

The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen

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19
Q

In 1792, the Nation Convention made France what kind of government?

A

A republic

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20
Q

What did the French National Convention abolish in 1792?

A

The monarch/nobility

21
Q

What happened to Louis XVI after the tried to escape France in 1792?

A

Put on trial for treason; found guilty and was executed

22
Q

The period in France from 1793-1794, under the rule of Robespierre is called?

A

The Reign of Terror

23
Q

Who took power in a coup d’état in 1799; later crowned himself emperor of France in 1804?

A

Napoleon

24
Q

What was Napoleon’s escape from exile and last attempt to rule France called?

A

100 days

25
Q

Where did Napoleon lose most of his army, forcing him into exile?

A

Russia

26
Q

What was the agreement between the Catholic Church and Napoleon called?

A

Concordat

27
Q

What was the Continental System, imposed by Napoleon?

A

Attempt to cut off (isolate) Britain from trading with the rest of Europe

28
Q

What was the common name for the Civil Code of 1804 in France?

A

Napoleonic Code

29
Q

What battle marked the final end to Napoleon and the French Revolution in 1815?

A

Battle of Waterloo

30
Q

What was the main goal of the Congress of Vienna in 1815?

A

To prevent new revolutions

31
Q

What did the Karlsbad decrees try to do?

A

Limit free speech in Germany

32
Q

Why could only 8% of the population of Britain vote in 1815?

A

Only land owning men could vote; fewer people owned land due to industrialization

33
Q

Although it failed at first, what did the People’s Charter of 1838 attempt to do in Britain?

A

Grant suffrage (the right to vote) to all men

34
Q

Who publised “The Communist Manifesto” in 1848?

A

Karl Marx

35
Q

Who was the last French king, also called the “bourgeoisie monarch”?

A

Louis-Philippe

36
Q

Who created the liberal economic philosophy of “laissez-faire”?

A

Adam Smith

37
Q

Who developed the germ theory?

A

Lohis Pasteur

38
Q

Why did romance develop in cities, although mainly among the lower classes?

A

People in cities didn’t know, as they did in small towns

39
Q

Name 3 reasons women started having fewer children in the 1800’s

A

Fewer women dying in childbirth; women waiting longer to marry; children valued more, seen as economic “units”; more food led to lower children mortality

40
Q

The Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494 split the world between what 2 countries?

A

Spain/Portugal

41
Q

The widespread exchange of animals, plants, culture, human populations, and ideas between the Old World and the New World is called?

A

The Columbian Exchange

42
Q

Which two men helped South America to become independent from Spain in the 1810’s?

A

Jose de San Martin and Simon Bolivar

43
Q

Which two men helped Mexico to become independent from Spain in the 1810’s?

A

Miguel Hidalgo and Jose Maria Morelos

44
Q

What is the main result of the liberalism movement?

A

It reduced the power of kings and churches and gave more power to common people

45
Q

What two countries are formed in Europe in the mid-1800’s directly as a result of the liberalism and nationalism movements?

A

Germany and Italy

46
Q

What is Nationalism?

A

Loyalty to your nation with a common culture over a king/empire

47
Q

Define the following political philosophies of the 1800’s in Europe and who supported it: Liberal, Conservative, Radical

A 
Liberal: middle-class that wanted elected parliaments, but only the educated and landowners could vote
Conservative: nobles and the wealthy that wanted to continue traditional monarchies
Radical: wanted democracy and the vote for all men, as in France and the French Revolution
48
Q

What is an absolute monarch

A

King with complete power; doesn’t share power

Wld History Peirce Study Guide (3 decks)

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