First Semester Final Exam

Question 1

What document limited the power of the monarchy in England in 1215?

Answer 1

The Magna Carta

Question 2

Renaissance means “rebirth”; Rebirth of what?

Answer 2

Ancient Greek and Roman art and literature

Question 3

What started in the 1500’s where the study of the world began to be characterized by careful observation and the questioning of accepted beliefs?

Answer 3

The scientific revolution

Question 4

Socrates

Answer 4

He is considered the “father of ethics”: ancient Greek philosopher

Question 5

John Locke

Answer 5

He said all people have the right to “life, liberty and property”

Question 6

Martin Luther

Answer 6

His ideas and writings started the Protestant Reformation

Question 7

Johann Gutenberg

Answer 7

His invention of the printing press increased literacy in Europe

Question 8

Voltaire

Answer 8

He said “I may not agree with what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it”

Question 9

Enlightenment

Answer 9

An intellectual movement in Europe that led to a new view of the world

Question 10

Absolute monarch

Answer 10

A king or queen with total power over their subjects

Question 11

Nationalism

Answer 11

Belief that a person’s loyalty should be more to their country over a king or leader

Question 12

Factors of production

Answer 12

The resources needed to produce goods and services

Question 13

Imperialism

Answer 13

A stronger country controlling a weaker country or territory

Question 14

Social Darwinism

Answer 14

Belief that evolution and natural selection apply to society

Question 15

The two main Christian groups in Western Europe after the Reformation in the 1500’s were

Answer 15

Catholics and Protestants

Question 16

What made Spain so wealthy during the 1500’s and 1600’s

Answer 16

Their colonies in the Americas

Question 17

What event is seen as the start of the French Revolution?

Answer 17

Storming of the Bastille (castle)

Question 18

The period from 1793-1794 in France was called?

Answer 18

The Reign of Terror

Question 19

At what battle was Napoleon finally defeated in 1815, effectively ending the French Revolution?

Answer 19

Battle of Waterloo

Question 20

What was the goal of the Congress of Vienna, after the defeat of Napoleon?

Answer 20

To restore the “balance of power” in Europe

Question 21

Why did Spain lose control over its colonies in the early 1800’s?

Answer 21

It had been defeated by France and couldn’t defend their colonies

Question 22

Who wrote the Origin of Species outlining his theory of evolution?

Answer 22

Charles Darwin

Question 23

Who greatly improved the steam engine to allow it to be used away from coal mines?

Answer 23

James Watt

Question 24

Which glass grew the most because of the Industrial Revolution?

Answer 24

Middle Class

Question 25

What is urbanization?

Answer 25

The growth of cities, where less people live in rural areas

Question 26

What 2 countries in Europe disappeared during the Renaissance and Protestant Reformation, but returned as countries in 1851 and 1871, one becoming the strongest country in Europe?

Answer 26

Germany and Italy

Question 27

4 causes of the Great War with their correct example:

Answer 27

Nationalism: desire in Europe to show total loyalty to their country
Militarism: countries in Europe increasing their spending on modern weapons
Alliances: countries joining together to defend against stronger countries
Imperialism: countries in Europe fighting over colonies in Africa and Asia

Question 28

What area was considered a “power keg” that everyone feared would start the Great War?

Answer 28

The Balkans

Question 29

Why were many larger countries in Europe excited over the prospect of war?

Answer 29

• Many people thought war was a part of life, something that had to be done
• many men thought fighting in war was part of what makes you a man
• they thought the war would be easy to win and would not last very long

Question 30

Who was shot in Saravejo on June 28, 1914 that started the Great War in Europe?

Answer 30

Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Question 31

What was the Schlieffen Plan?

Answer 31

The German plan to invade France before the Great War

Question 32

Why did the system of alliances fail to stop a larger war?

Answer 32

If two countries went to war, others were forced to join the war

Question 33

Why did the Great War soon turn into a “stalemate” where no one could win?

Answer 33

• Both sides used new weapons that changed how war was fought
• Generals from both sides tried to use traditional (old) tactics to fight a modern war
• trench warfare made it difficult to take much land from the opposing side

Question 34

Which modern weapon was used in warfare and conflicts before the Great War (WW1)

Answer 34

Machine Guns

Question 35

What is the Zimmerman Note?

Answer 35

Note from Germany that tried to get Mexico to attack the United States

Question 36

What happened with the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?

Answer 36

Russia drops out of the war

Question 37

What is November 11, 1918 known as?

Answer 37

Armistice Day (now Veteran’s day)

Question 38

How did the Treaty of Versailles punish Germany?

Answer 38

• Germany was limited to only having 100,000 soldiers and sailors
• Germany was required to pay back France and Great Britain for the cost of the war
• Germany could not have soldiers in the Rhineland next to France and Belgium
• Germany was forced to admit that it was responsible for starting the war

Question 39

Besides Germany, which country that fought in the war was not invited to create the Treaty of Versailles?

Answer 39

Russia

Question 40

Why did the U.S. never sign the Treaty of Versailles?

Answer 40

America returned to isolating themselves from future European conflicts

Question 41

What disease killed up to 675,000 Americans, and almost 20 million people worldwide, in 1918-19?

Answer 41

The Spanish Influenza (The Flu)

Question 42

What led to the period known as the “Dark Ages” or Medieval Times?

Answer 42

The end of the Roman Empire