First Semester Final Exam Flashcards
What document limited the power of the monarchy in England in 1215?
The Magna Carta
Renaissance means “rebirth”; Rebirth of what?
Ancient Greek and Roman art and literature
What started in the 1500’s where the study of the world began to be characterized by careful observation and the questioning of accepted beliefs?
The scientific revolution
Socrates
He is considered the “father of ethics”: ancient Greek philosopher
John Locke
He said all people have the right to “life, liberty and property”
Martin Luther
His ideas and writings started the Protestant Reformation
Johann Gutenberg
His invention of the printing press increased literacy in Europe
Voltaire
He said “I may not agree with what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it”
Enlightenment
An intellectual movement in Europe that led to a new view of the world
Absolute monarch
A king or queen with total power over their subjects
Nationalism
Belief that a person’s loyalty should be more to their country over a king or leader
Factors of production
The resources needed to produce goods and services
Imperialism
A stronger country controlling a weaker country or territory
Social Darwinism
Belief that evolution and natural selection apply to society
The two main Christian groups in Western Europe after the Reformation in the 1500’s were
Catholics and Protestants
What made Spain so wealthy during the 1500’s and 1600’s
Their colonies in the Americas
What event is seen as the start of the French Revolution?
Storming of the Bastille (castle)
The period from 1793-1794 in France was called?
The Reign of Terror
At what battle was Napoleon finally defeated in 1815, effectively ending the French Revolution?
Battle of Waterloo
What was the goal of the Congress of Vienna, after the defeat of Napoleon?
To restore the “balance of power” in Europe
Why did Spain lose control over its colonies in the early 1800’s?
It had been defeated by France and couldn’t defend their colonies
Who wrote the Origin of Species outlining his theory of evolution?
Charles Darwin
Who greatly improved the steam engine to allow it to be used away from coal mines?
James Watt
Which glass grew the most because of the Industrial Revolution?
Middle Class
What is urbanization?
The growth of cities, where less people live in rural areas
What 2 countries in Europe disappeared during the Renaissance and Protestant Reformation, but returned as countries in 1851 and 1871, one becoming the strongest country in Europe?
Germany and Italy
4 causes of the Great War with their correct example:
Nationalism: desire in Europe to show total loyalty to their country
Militarism: countries in Europe increasing their spending on modern weapons
Alliances: countries joining together to defend against stronger countries
Imperialism: countries in Europe fighting over colonies in Africa and Asia
What area was considered a “power keg” that everyone feared would start the Great War?
The Balkans
Why were many larger countries in Europe excited over the prospect of war?
- Many people thought war was a part of life, something that had to be done
- many men thought fighting in war was part of what makes you a man
- they thought the war would be easy to win and would not last very long
Who was shot in Saravejo on June 28, 1914 that started the Great War in Europe?
Archduke Franz Ferdinand
What was the Schlieffen Plan?
The German plan to invade France before the Great War
Why did the system of alliances fail to stop a larger war?
If two countries went to war, others were forced to join the war
Why did the Great War soon turn into a “stalemate” where no one could win?
- Both sides used new weapons that changed how war was fought
- Generals from both sides tried to use traditional (old) tactics to fight a modern war
- trench warfare made it difficult to take much land from the opposing side
Which modern weapon was used in warfare and conflicts before the Great War (WW1)
Machine Guns
What is the Zimmerman Note?
Note from Germany that tried to get Mexico to attack the United States
What happened with the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?
Russia drops out of the war
What is November 11, 1918 known as?
Armistice Day (now Veteran’s day)
How did the Treaty of Versailles punish Germany?
- Germany was limited to only having 100,000 soldiers and sailors
- Germany was required to pay back France and Great Britain for the cost of the war
- Germany could not have soldiers in the Rhineland next to France and Belgium
- Germany was forced to admit that it was responsible for starting the war
Besides Germany, which country that fought in the war was not invited to create the Treaty of Versailles?
Russia
Why did the U.S. never sign the Treaty of Versailles?
America returned to isolating themselves from future European conflicts
What disease killed up to 675,000 Americans, and almost 20 million people worldwide, in 1918-19?
The Spanish Influenza (The Flu)
What led to the period known as the “Dark Ages” or Medieval Times?
The end of the Roman Empire
