Unit 3/4, chapters 12/13: Vocab Flashcards
African Diaspora:
Voluntary/involuntary movement of Africans and their descendants to various regions of the world during the modern/Pre-modern periods.
(Who was) Ana Nzinga:
Queen of Ambundu African kingdoms of Ndongo and Matamba.
Asante Empire:
West African state occupying modern southern Ghana in the 1700’s/1800’s.
(Who was) Atahualpa:
The last emperor of the Inca Empire after the Spanish conquest, who ruled from 1532-1533.
Audiencias:
High courts, established by the Spanish officials, of their colonies.
Aztec Empire:
Central modern Mexican empire from the 1300’s-1500’s.
Candomble:
African-American religion, and more specifically an Afro-Brazilian religion.
Cash Crop:
Agricultural crop purposefully made to strictly be sold in a market environment for as much money as possible.
Chattel Slavery:
Slaves used for labor, sex, and breeding, and are exchanged for camels, trucks, guns, and money.
Colonies:
Territories controlled by a foreign power.
Conquistadores:
A person out to conquer new territory.
Creole Culture:
Individuals who were born in Spanish colonies, with Spanish parents/grandparents.
Criollos:
People of full Spanish descent born in the viceroyalties.
Crops: (Impact in the Columbian Exchange.)
Introduced a wide range of new calorically rich staple crops to the Old World during the Columbian Exchange.
Dahomey:
West African kingdom in modern southern Benin, flourishing in the 1700’s/1800’s.
Encomenderos:
Those under the Encomienda system.
Encomienda:
A system of forced labor imposed on indigenous workers by Spanish colonists.
Engenhos:
Sugar plantations in colonial Brazil.
(Who was) Francisco Pizarro:
Spanish explorer, soldier, and conquistador.
Hacienda System:
A system where state owners directly employed natives who had low wages, high taxes, and large debt to land-owners.
Hispaniola:
First island in the Caribbean settled by Spainards.
Inca Empire:
Powerful empire in South America from the 1400’s/1500’s.
Indentured Servitude:
A worker bound by voluntary agreement to work for a specified period of years often in exchange for free passage to overseas destinations.
Kingdom of the Kongo:
Central African kingdom known for its centralized political structure.
Matamba:
African state in modern Angola.
Mexico City:
Former capital of New Spain.
Middle Passage:
Forced voyage of African slaves across the Atlantic Ocean to the New World.
Ndongo:
African state in modern Angola.
New Spain:
Spanish colonial territories in North/Central America in the 1500’s-1800’s.
Oyo:
Powerful empire in modern Nigeria.
Potosi Silver Mines:
One of the richest sources of silver during the colonial period, (1565-1783.)
Santeria:
Afro-Cuban/Afro-Caribbean religion.
Smallpox:
Highly contagious disease.
Syncretism:
The blending of elements from different religions into a distinct system of worship.
Transatlantic Slave Trade:
Global slave trade across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas from the 1500’s-1800’s.
Treaty of Tordesillas:
Agreement with Spain and Portugal that stated where each could explore and claim lands.
Triangular Trade:
A system of transatlantic trade in the 1500’s between Africa, Europe, and the Americas.
Viceroys:
High-ranking officials who acted as representatives of a monarch in colonial territories.
Virgin of Guadalupe:
Unifying figure that represented indigenous and Spanish heritage.
Vodun:
New World syncretic faith.
