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BIO-168 > unit 3-4 > Flashcards

unit 3-4 Flashcards

(76 cards)

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1
Q

which of the following is not a part of the cell theory?

A

all cells differentiate into specialized cell types

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2
Q

which of the following cytoskeleton components moves the chromosomes during cell division?

A

microtubules

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3
Q

which of the following properties of the cytoskeleton is false?

A

it is made of cytobones

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4
Q

ribosomes are composed of protein and

A

rRNA

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5
Q

each of the following is a function of the smooth ER except

A

modification of protein

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6
Q

which form of the ER modifies and packages newly-synthesized proteins?

A

rough ER

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7
Q

renewal or modification of the cell membrane is a function of the

A

golgi apparatus

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8
Q

Some cells contain large numbers of mitochondria while others have relatively few or none. This suggests that

A

cells with large numbers of mitochondria have a high energy demand

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9
Q

most of the atp required to power cell operations is produced in the

A

mitochondria

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10
Q

chromosomes consist of ___ and ___

A

DNA; proteins

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11
Q

synthesis of lipids and glycogen takes place at the

A

smooth ER

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12
Q

a mature red blood cell lacks a nucleus. thus, it

A

cannot make new proteins and will be worn out within a few months

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13
Q

transfer of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytosol occurs through

A

nuclear pores

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14
Q

the functional units of DNA that contain the instructions for making one or more proteins are

A

genes

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15
Q

specific proteins are manufactured through the interaction of ___ and ___

A

multiple enzymes; three types of RNA

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16
Q

what is the term for mRNA?

A

messenger ribonucleic acid

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17
Q

the anticodon for the triplet UCA is

A

AGU

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18
Q

before the mRNA transcribed from a gene can be used to translate into a protein, it must be

A

edited to remove introns and transported into the cytoplasm

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19
Q

the enzyme ___ is required for the synthesis of mRNA

A

RNA polymerase

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20
Q

which tRNA anticodon would be associated with the DNA template strand, AAT?

A

AAU

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21
Q

where does translation occur?

A

at the ribosomes

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22
Q

cell membranes are said to be ___ because they allow some substances to pass, but not others

A

selectively permeable

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23
Q

The movement of oxygen from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration is an example of

A

diffusion

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24
Q

If the concentration of sodium chloride in the interstitial fluid surrounding cells decreases and the concentration of other solutes remains constant

A

the cells will swell

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25
hemolysis may occur when a blood cell is placed into a ___ solution
hypotonic
26
a process that requires cell energy to move a substance against its concentration gradient is called
active transport
27
facilitated diffusion differs from ordinary diffusion in that
the rate of molecular movement is limited by the number of available carrier molecules
28
___ is when a vesicle fuses to the plasma membrane and discharges its contents to the extracellular environment
exocytosis
29
endocytosis is a
method for transporting substances into the cell
30
the genetically programmed death of cells is
apoptosis
31
which of the following builds new strands of DNA?
DNA polymerase
32
Which statement best describes strand characteristics as it relates to DNA replication?
the leading strand is built continuously; the lagging strand is built in pieces
33
During DNA replication, which nucleotide will bind to an A nucleotide in the original or parental DNA strand?
T
34
Which protein joins together the Okazaki fragments of DNA in the lagging strand?
DNA ligase
35
which statement about DNA replication is false?
DNA ligase adds nucleotides to the lagging strand
36
special cells called ___ cells maintain tissues by unending cycles of cell division
STEM
37
duplication of organelles and protein synthesis occur during which phase of interphase?
G1
38
during mitosis, 2 daughter cells form, each of which has
the same number of chromosomes as the original cell
39
an alternate term for tumor is
neoplasm
40
___ are permanent alterations in a cell's DNA that affect the nucleotide sequence of 1 or more genes
mutations
41
the wall of the alveolus (air sac) in the lung is composed of which type of epithelium?
simple squamous epithelium
42
the proximal tubule in the kidney is composed of which type of epithelium?
simple cuboidal epithelium
43
the epithelium of the esophagus is composed of which type of epithelial tissue?
stratified squamous epithelial tissue
44
which part of the neuron receives signals from other cells and is also the main metabolic region of the neuron?
soma
45
which of the three muscle cell types has multiple nuclei?
skeletal
46
which muscle cell type has visible striations but is not under voluntary control?
cardiac
47
functions of epithelia include all of the following except
supporting muscle cells
48
cells that are specialized for secretion
exhibit polarity
49
the body's most delicate type of epithelium is the ___ epithelium
simple squamous
50
keratin is a protein that is typically found in which tissue type?
epithelial
51
transitional epithelium is found
lining the urinary bladder
52
simple cuboidal epithelium is found
forming the kidney tubules
53
which of the following is not a characteristic used to describe the structure of multicellular exocrine glands?
the extensiveness of the golgi in the secretory areas
54
the pancreas is an example of which glandular structure?
compound tubuloalveolar
55
the term "branched" in glandular structure refers to
the glandular areas of the grand
56
which of the following is a type of secretion in which some cytoplasm is lost with the product?
apocrine
57
which methods of secretion are involved in milk production in the mammary glands?
merocrine and apocrine
58
the 3 types of connective tissue include
connective tissue proper, fluid connective, and supporting connective
59
the 3 types of protein fibers in connective tissue are
collagen, reticular, and elastic
60
lymphocytes can develop into cells that secrete defense proteins against disease. some of these cells are termed plasma cells, while their proteins are called
antibodies
61
antibodies are produced by
plasma cells
62
the dominant fiber type in most dense connective tissue is
collagen
63
___ attach skeletal muscles to bones, and ___ connect one bone to another
tendons; ligaments
64
which type of connective tissue is found between the ribs and the sternum, or supporting the trachea?
hyaline cartilage
65
elastic cartilage is found
in the ear
66
the type of cartilage found in the intervertebral discs is ___ cartilage
fibrous
67
bone is ___ tissue
living connective
68
unlike cartilage, bone
is highly vascular
69
all of the following are characteristics of synovial membrane except that
it's avascular
70
which of the following membranes line cavities that communicate with the body's exterior?
mucous
71
the serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity is the
peritoneum
72
tissue that is specialized for contraction is ___ tissue
muscle
73
the ___ is the part of a neuron that conducts signals to other cells
axon
74
intercalated discs and striations are characteristics of ___ tissue
cardiac muscle
75
tissue that is specialized for the conduction of electrical impulses is ___ tissue
neural
76
Which of the following statements about tissue swelling that occurs during inflammation is true?
it is triggered by histamine and caused by increased endothelial permeability

BIO-168 (2 decks)

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