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BIO-168 > unit 3-4 > Flashcards

unit 3-4 Flashcards

1
Q

which of the following is not a part of the cell theory?

A

all cells differentiate into specialized cell types

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2
Q

which of the following cytoskeleton components moves the chromosomes during cell division?

A

microtubules

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3
Q

which of the following properties of the cytoskeleton is false?

A

it is made of cytobones

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4
Q

ribosomes are composed of protein and

A

rRNA

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5
Q

each of the following is a function of the smooth ER except

A

modification of protein

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6
Q

which form of the ER modifies and packages newly-synthesized proteins?

A

rough ER

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7
Q

renewal or modification of the cell membrane is a function of the

A

golgi apparatus

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8
Q

Some cells contain large numbers of mitochondria while others have relatively few or none. This suggests that

A

cells with large numbers of mitochondria have a high energy demand

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9
Q

most of the atp required to power cell operations is produced in the

A

mitochondria

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10
Q

chromosomes consist of ___ and ___

A

DNA; proteins

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11
Q

synthesis of lipids and glycogen takes place at the

A

smooth ER

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12
Q

a mature red blood cell lacks a nucleus. thus, it

A

cannot make new proteins and will be worn out within a few months

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13
Q

transfer of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytosol occurs through

A

nuclear pores

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14
Q

the functional units of DNA that contain the instructions for making one or more proteins are

A

genes

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15
Q

specific proteins are manufactured through the interaction of ___ and ___

A

multiple enzymes; three types of RNA

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16
Q

what is the term for mRNA?

A

messenger ribonucleic acid

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17
Q

the anticodon for the triplet UCA is

A

AGU

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18
Q

before the mRNA transcribed from a gene can be used to translate into a protein, it must be

A

edited to remove introns and transported into the cytoplasm

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19
Q

the enzyme ___ is required for the synthesis of mRNA

A

RNA polymerase

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20
Q

which tRNA anticodon would be associated with the DNA template strand, AAT?

A

AAU

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21
Q

where does translation occur?

A

at the ribosomes

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22
Q

cell membranes are said to be ___ because they allow some substances to pass, but not others

A

selectively permeable

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23
Q

The movement of oxygen from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration is an example of

A

diffusion

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24
Q

If the concentration of sodium chloride in the interstitial fluid surrounding cells decreases and the concentration of other solutes remains constant

A

the cells will swell

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25
Q

hemolysis may occur when a blood cell is placed into a ___ solution

A

hypotonic

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26
Q

a process that requires cell energy to move a substance against its concentration gradient is called

A

active transport

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27
Q

facilitated diffusion differs from ordinary diffusion in that

A

the rate of molecular movement is limited by the number of available carrier molecules

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28
Q

___ is when a vesicle fuses to the plasma membrane and discharges its contents to the extracellular environment

A

exocytosis

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29
Q

endocytosis is a

A

method for transporting substances into the cell

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30
Q

the genetically programmed death of cells is

A

apoptosis

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31
Q

which of the following builds new strands of DNA?

A

DNA polymerase

32
Q

Which statement best describes strand characteristics as it relates to DNA replication?

A

the leading strand is built continuously; the lagging strand is built in pieces

33
Q

During DNA replication, which nucleotide will bind to an A nucleotide in the original or parental DNA strand?

A

T

34
Q

Which protein joins together the Okazaki fragments of DNA in the lagging strand?

A

DNA ligase

35
Q

which statement about DNA replication is false?

A

DNA ligase adds nucleotides to the lagging strand

36
Q

special cells called ___ cells maintain tissues by unending cycles of cell division

A

STEM

37
Q

duplication of organelles and protein synthesis occur during which phase of interphase?

A

G1

38
Q

during mitosis, 2 daughter cells form, each of which has

A

the same number of chromosomes as the original cell

39
Q

an alternate term for tumor is

A

neoplasm

40
Q

___ are permanent alterations in a cell’s DNA that affect the nucleotide sequence of 1 or more genes

A

mutations

41
Q

the wall of the alveolus (air sac) in the lung is composed of which type of epithelium?

A

simple squamous epithelium

42
Q

the proximal tubule in the kidney is composed of which type of epithelium?

A

simple cuboidal epithelium

43
Q

the epithelium of the esophagus is composed of which type of epithelial tissue?

A

stratified squamous epithelial tissue

44
Q

which part of the neuron receives signals from other cells and is also the main metabolic region of the neuron?

A

soma

45
Q

which of the three muscle cell types has multiple nuclei?

A

skeletal

46
Q

which muscle cell type has visible striations but is not under voluntary control?

A

cardiac

47
Q

functions of epithelia include all of the following except

A

supporting muscle cells

48
Q

cells that are specialized for secretion

A

exhibit polarity

49
Q

the body’s most delicate type of epithelium is the ___ epithelium

A

simple squamous

50
Q

keratin is a protein that is typically found in which tissue type?

A

epithelial

51
Q

transitional epithelium is found

A

lining the urinary bladder

52
Q

simple cuboidal epithelium is found

A

forming the kidney tubules

53
Q

which of the following is not a characteristic used to describe the structure of multicellular exocrine glands?

A

the extensiveness of the golgi in the secretory areas

54
Q

the pancreas is an example of which glandular structure?

A

compound tubuloalveolar

55
Q

the term “branched” in glandular structure refers to

A

the glandular areas of the grand

56
Q

which of the following is a type of secretion in which some cytoplasm is lost with the product?

A

apocrine

57
Q

which methods of secretion are involved in milk production in the mammary glands?

A

merocrine and apocrine

58
Q

the 3 types of connective tissue include

A

connective tissue proper, fluid connective, and supporting connective

59
Q

the 3 types of protein fibers in connective tissue are

A

collagen, reticular, and elastic

60
Q

lymphocytes can develop into cells that secrete defense proteins against disease. some of these cells are termed plasma cells, while their proteins are called

A

antibodies

61
Q

antibodies are produced by

A

plasma cells

62
Q

the dominant fiber type in most dense connective tissue is

A

collagen

63
Q

___ attach skeletal muscles to bones, and ___ connect one bone to another

A

tendons; ligaments

64
Q

which type of connective tissue is found between the ribs and the sternum, or supporting the trachea?

A

hyaline cartilage

65
Q

elastic cartilage is found

A

in the ear

66
Q

the type of cartilage found in the intervertebral discs is ___ cartilage

A

fibrous

67
Q

bone is ___ tissue

A

living connective

68
Q

unlike cartilage, bone

A

is highly vascular

69
Q

all of the following are characteristics of synovial membrane except that

A

it’s avascular

70
Q

which of the following membranes line cavities that communicate with the body’s exterior?

A

mucous

71
Q

the serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity is the

A

peritoneum

72
Q

tissue that is specialized for contraction is ___ tissue

A

muscle

73
Q

the ___ is the part of a neuron that conducts signals to other cells

A

axon

74
Q

intercalated discs and striations are characteristics of ___ tissue

A

cardiac muscle

75
Q

tissue that is specialized for the conduction of electrical impulses is ___ tissue

A

neural

76
Q

Which of the following statements about tissue swelling that occurs during inflammation is true?

A

it is triggered by histamine and caused by increased endothelial permeability

BIO-168 (2 decks)

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