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BIO-168 > the integumentary system > Flashcards

the integumentary system Flashcards

1
Q

medulla

A

inner core of an organ

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2
Q

hair follicle

A

an accessory structure of the integument; a tube lined by a stratified squamous epithelium that begins at the surface of the skin and ands at the hair papilla

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3
Q

dermis

A

the connective tissue layer beneath the epidermis of the skin

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4
Q

antibiotic

A

a chemical agent that selectively kills pathogens, primarily bacteria

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5
Q

dendritic cells

A

cells in the epithelium of the skin and digestive tract that participate in the immune response by presenting antigens to t cells

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6
Q

carotene

A

a yellow-orange pigment that the body converts to vitamin A

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7
Q

allograt

A

tissue transplant between members of the same species

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8
Q

inflammation

A

a nonspecific defense mechanism that operates at the tissue level

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9
Q

papilla

A

a small, conical projection

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10
Q

integument

A

the skin

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11
Q

third degree burn

A

involves the entire thickness of the skin and extends into the subcutaneous tissue, muscle and bone, causing scarring

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12
Q

cutaneous membrane

A

the epidermis and the papillary layer of the dermis

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13
Q

cuticle

A

layer of dead, keratinized cells that surround the shaft of a hair

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14
Q

rule of nines

A

method used to calculate the total percentage of surface area involved in burns; the body surface of an adult is divided into multiples of 9

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15
Q

melanin

A

yellow-brown, brown, or black pigment produced by melanocytes

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16
Q

kertain

A

the tough, fibrous protein component of nails, hair, calluses, and general integumentary surface

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17
Q

arrector pilli

A

smooth muscles whose contractions force hairs to stand erect

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18
Q

cyanosis

A

an abnormal bluish coloration of the skin due to the presence of deoxygenated blood in vessels

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19
Q

sebum

A

a waxy secretion that coats the surfaces of hairs

20
Q

cortex

A

the outer layer or region of an organ

21
Q

scar tissue

A

thick, collagenous tissue that forms at an injury site

22
Q

follicle

A

a small secretory sac or gland

23
Q

sebaceous gland

A

glands that secrete sebum; associated with hair follicles

24
Q

tactile

A

pertaining to touch sensors

25
Q

insensible perspiration

A

evaporative water loss by diffusion across the skin’s epithelium; or evaporation across the alveolar surfaces of the lungs

26
Q

dermis

A

connective tissue layer beneath the epidermis of the skin

27
Q

eponichyum (cuticle for nails)

A

a narrow zone of stratum corneum that extends across the surface of a nail at its exposed base

28
Q

cuticle

A

layer of dead, keratinized cells that surround the shaft of hair

29
Q

subcutaneous layer

A

layer of loose, connective tissue below the dermis

30
Q

stratum

A

a layer

31
Q

first degree burn

A

burn involving only the epidermis; causes redness and swelling

32
Q

melanocyte

A

a specialized cell in the deeper layers of the stratified squamous epithelium of the skin; produces melanin

33
Q

hair

A

a keratinous strand produced by epithelial cells of the hair follicle

34
Q

epidermis

A

the epithelium covering the surface of the skin

35
Q

which structures are significant in that the greatly increase the surface area for attachment of the epidermis to the dermis?

A

dermal papillae

36
Q

melanosomes travel within the processes of melanocytes and are transferred intact to which structures

A

keratinocytes

37
Q

which of the following structures are sensitive to delicate/fine touch?

A

meissner (tactile) corpuscles

38
Q

which statement regarding the internal root sheath of a hair follicle is true?

A

the cells disintegrate quickly

39
Q

the arrector pili consists of

A

smooth muscle

40
Q

which statement regarding sebaceous glands/follicles is incorrect?

A

they are merocrine glands

41
Q

nails become pitted and distorted as a result of psoriasis, a condition marked by rapid stem cell division in which layer?

A

stratum basale

42
Q

why do men and women aged 90-100 tend to look similar?

A

altered hair and fat distribution

43
Q

which of the following circulating substances maintain normal blood flow to the subpapillary plexus?

A

thyroid hormones

44
Q

over time, scar tissue is

A

less vascular

45
Q

epidermal cells rely on the diffusion of nutrients and oxygen from ___ within the dermis

A

capillaries

46
Q

___ sweat glands are found in the axillae, around the nipples, and around the pubic region, where they secrete into hair follicles

A

apocrine

47
Q

stratum basale

A

layer of dividing cells at the base of the epidermis

BIO-168 (2 decks)

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