the integumentary system

Question 1

medulla

Answer 1

inner core of an organ

Question 2

hair follicle

Answer 2

an accessory structure of the integument; a tube lined by a stratified squamous epithelium that begins at the surface of the skin and ands at the hair papilla

Question 3

dermis

Answer 3

the connective tissue layer beneath the epidermis of the skin

Question 4

antibiotic

Answer 4

a chemical agent that selectively kills pathogens, primarily bacteria

Question 5

dendritic cells

Answer 5

cells in the epithelium of the skin and digestive tract that participate in the immune response by presenting antigens to t cells

Question 6

carotene

Answer 6

a yellow-orange pigment that the body converts to vitamin A

Question 7

allograt

Answer 7

tissue transplant between members of the same species

Question 8

inflammation

Answer 8

a nonspecific defense mechanism that operates at the tissue level

Question 9

papilla

Answer 9

a small, conical projection

Question 10

integument

Answer 10

the skin

Question 11

third degree burn

Answer 11

involves the entire thickness of the skin and extends into the subcutaneous tissue, muscle and bone, causing scarring

Question 12

cutaneous membrane

Answer 12

the epidermis and the papillary layer of the dermis

Question 13

cuticle

Answer 13

layer of dead, keratinized cells that surround the shaft of a hair

Question 14

rule of nines

Answer 14

method used to calculate the total percentage of surface area involved in burns; the body surface of an adult is divided into multiples of 9

Question 15

melanin

Answer 15

yellow-brown, brown, or black pigment produced by melanocytes

Question 16

kertain

Answer 16

the tough, fibrous protein component of nails, hair, calluses, and general integumentary surface

Question 17

arrector pilli

Answer 17

smooth muscles whose contractions force hairs to stand erect

Question 18

cyanosis

Answer 18

an abnormal bluish coloration of the skin due to the presence of deoxygenated blood in vessels

Question 19

sebum

Answer 19

a waxy secretion that coats the surfaces of hairs

Question 20

cortex

Answer 20

the outer layer or region of an organ

Question 21

scar tissue

Answer 21

thick, collagenous tissue that forms at an injury site

Question 22

follicle

Answer 22

a small secretory sac or gland

Question 23

sebaceous gland

Answer 23

glands that secrete sebum; associated with hair follicles

Question 24

tactile

Answer 24

pertaining to touch sensors

Question 25

insensible perspiration

Answer 25

evaporative water loss by diffusion across the skin’s epithelium; or evaporation across the alveolar surfaces of the lungs

Question 26

dermis

Answer 26

connective tissue layer beneath the epidermis of the skin

Question 27

eponichyum (cuticle for nails)

Answer 27

a narrow zone of stratum corneum that extends across the surface of a nail at its exposed base

Question 28

cuticle

Answer 28

layer of dead, keratinized cells that surround the shaft of hair

Question 29

subcutaneous layer

Answer 29

layer of loose, connective tissue below the dermis

Question 30

stratum

Answer 30

a layer

Question 31

first degree burn

Answer 31

burn involving only the epidermis; causes redness and swelling

Question 32

melanocyte

Answer 32

a specialized cell in the deeper layers of the stratified squamous epithelium of the skin; produces melanin

Question 33

hair

Answer 33

a keratinous strand produced by epithelial cells of the hair follicle

Question 34

epidermis

Answer 34

the epithelium covering the surface of the skin

Question 35

which structures are significant in that the greatly increase the surface area for attachment of the epidermis to the dermis?

Answer 35

dermal papillae

Question 36

melanosomes travel within the processes of melanocytes and are transferred intact to which structures

Answer 36

keratinocytes

Question 37

which of the following structures are sensitive to delicate/fine touch?

Answer 37

meissner (tactile) corpuscles

Question 38

which statement regarding the internal root sheath of a hair follicle is true?

Answer 38

the cells disintegrate quickly

Question 39

the arrector pili consists of

Answer 39

smooth muscle

Question 40

which statement regarding sebaceous glands/follicles is incorrect?

Answer 40

they are merocrine glands

Question 41

nails become pitted and distorted as a result of psoriasis, a condition marked by rapid stem cell division in which layer?

Answer 41

stratum basale

Question 42

why do men and women aged 90-100 tend to look similar?

Answer 42

altered hair and fat distribution

Question 43

which of the following circulating substances maintain normal blood flow to the subpapillary plexus?

Answer 43

thyroid hormones

Question 44

over time, scar tissue is

Answer 44

less vascular

Question 45

epidermal cells rely on the diffusion of nutrients and oxygen from ___ within the dermis

Answer 45

capillaries

Question 46

___ sweat glands are found in the axillae, around the nipples, and around the pubic region, where they secrete into hair follicles

Answer 46

apocrine

Question 47

stratum basale

Answer 47

layer of dividing cells at the base of the epidermis