the integumentary system Flashcards
medulla
inner core of an organ
hair follicle
an accessory structure of the integument; a tube lined by a stratified squamous epithelium that begins at the surface of the skin and ands at the hair papilla
dermis
the connective tissue layer beneath the epidermis of the skin
antibiotic
a chemical agent that selectively kills pathogens, primarily bacteria
dendritic cells
cells in the epithelium of the skin and digestive tract that participate in the immune response by presenting antigens to t cells
carotene
a yellow-orange pigment that the body converts to vitamin A
allograt
tissue transplant between members of the same species
inflammation
a nonspecific defense mechanism that operates at the tissue level
papilla
a small, conical projection
integument
the skin
third degree burn
involves the entire thickness of the skin and extends into the subcutaneous tissue, muscle and bone, causing scarring
cutaneous membrane
the epidermis and the papillary layer of the dermis
cuticle
layer of dead, keratinized cells that surround the shaft of a hair
rule of nines
method used to calculate the total percentage of surface area involved in burns; the body surface of an adult is divided into multiples of 9
melanin
yellow-brown, brown, or black pigment produced by melanocytes
kertain
the tough, fibrous protein component of nails, hair, calluses, and general integumentary surface
arrector pilli
smooth muscles whose contractions force hairs to stand erect
cyanosis
an abnormal bluish coloration of the skin due to the presence of deoxygenated blood in vessels
sebum
a waxy secretion that coats the surfaces of hairs
cortex
the outer layer or region of an organ
scar tissue
thick, collagenous tissue that forms at an injury site
follicle
a small secretory sac or gland
sebaceous gland
glands that secrete sebum; associated with hair follicles
tactile
pertaining to touch sensors
insensible perspiration
evaporative water loss by diffusion across the skin’s epithelium; or evaporation across the alveolar surfaces of the lungs
dermis
connective tissue layer beneath the epidermis of the skin
eponichyum (cuticle for nails)
a narrow zone of stratum corneum that extends across the surface of a nail at its exposed base
cuticle
layer of dead, keratinized cells that surround the shaft of hair
subcutaneous layer
layer of loose, connective tissue below the dermis
stratum
a layer
first degree burn
burn involving only the epidermis; causes redness and swelling
melanocyte
a specialized cell in the deeper layers of the stratified squamous epithelium of the skin; produces melanin
hair
a keratinous strand produced by epithelial cells of the hair follicle
epidermis
the epithelium covering the surface of the skin
which structures are significant in that the greatly increase the surface area for attachment of the epidermis to the dermis?
dermal papillae
melanosomes travel within the processes of melanocytes and are transferred intact to which structures
keratinocytes
which of the following structures are sensitive to delicate/fine touch?
meissner (tactile) corpuscles
which statement regarding the internal root sheath of a hair follicle is true?
the cells disintegrate quickly
the arrector pili consists of
smooth muscle
which statement regarding sebaceous glands/follicles is incorrect?
they are merocrine glands
nails become pitted and distorted as a result of psoriasis, a condition marked by rapid stem cell division in which layer?
stratum basale
why do men and women aged 90-100 tend to look similar?
altered hair and fat distribution
which of the following circulating substances maintain normal blood flow to the subpapillary plexus?
thyroid hormones
over time, scar tissue is
less vascular
epidermal cells rely on the diffusion of nutrients and oxygen from ___ within the dermis
capillaries
___ sweat glands are found in the axillae, around the nipples, and around the pubic region, where they secrete into hair follicles
apocrine
stratum basale
layer of dividing cells at the base of the epidermis
