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Physics A > Unit 3 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

acceleratoin due to gravity

A

9.8 m/s2 or 32 ft/s2, the change in velocity per second at the surface of the earth

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2
Q

actual mechanical advantage

A

the ratio of the resistance force to the effort force

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3
Q

calorie

A

the amount of heat needed to raise one gram of water one Celsius degree

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4
Q

chemcal energy

A

energy derived from chemical bonding between atoms

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5
Q

displacement

A

the length of the shortest path from one point to another

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6
Q

distance

A

the length of any given path connecting two points

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7
Q

efficiency

A

A measure of the ratio of work done to work available.

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8
Q

electrical energy

A
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9
Q

energy

A

the capacity to do work

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10
Q

first law of heat and thermodynamics

A

he principle which states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed; the total amount of energy is constant but may be converted from one form to another

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11
Q

force

A

A push or pull.

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12
Q

gaseous phase

A

a state in which matter occupies all available space

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13
Q

geothermal energy

A

energy obtained from steam or water heated below the earth’s surface by natural
sources of heat

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14
Q

heat energy

A

energy that results when a temperature change occurs

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15
Q

heat engine

A

an engine that operates on a temperature difference and releases a great deal of heat

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16
Q

hydroelectric energy

A

energy obtained when water behind a dam is used to turn a generator

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17
Q

ideal mechanical advantage

A

the ratio of the effort distance to the resistance distance

18
Q

ionize

A

the condition that occurs when atoms gain or lose one or more electrons

19
Q

kinetic energy

A

energy an object has due to its motion

20
Q

latent heat of fusion

A

the heat needed to change one unit of matter from solid to liquid with no change in temperature

21
Q

latent heat of vaporazation

A

the heat needed to change one unit of matter from liquid to gas with no change in temperature

22
Q

law of conservation of energy

A

the principle which states that the total amount of energy in a system isolated from the rest of the universe remains constant although energy may be transformed from one form to another within the system

23
Q

light energy

A

energy derived from light

24
Q

liquid phase

A

the state in which matter takes the shape of its container

25
Q

mass

A

the amount of matter an object has

26
Q

nuclear energy

A

energy derived from nuclei of atoms

27
Q

plasma phase

A

the highest energy state of matter in which matter is ionized

28
Q

potential energy

A

energy stored in an object due to its position

29
Q

power

A

rate at which work is done or energy expended

30
Q

rotatonal motion

A

motion on an axis; spin

31
Q

second law of heat and thermodynamics

A

the principle which states that whenever energy is transformed from one form to another, some energy is dissipated as heat energy that is useless and cannot be transformed into mechanical energy

32
Q

solar energy

A

energy obtained from the sun

33
Q

solid phase

A

the lowest energy state, in which matter has definite shape and volume

34
Q

specific heat

A

the amount of heat added or removed from one gram of matter to change its
temperature by one Celsius degree

35
Q

temperature

A

that which matter exhibits by virtue of its molecular motion; a measure of heat

36
Q

tidal energy

A

energy obtained from the earth’s tides

37
Q

thermodynamics

A

the study of energy conversions between heat energy and mechanical energy

38
Q

translational motion

A

change of location

39
Q

vibrational motion

A

motion with no net displacement

40
Q

wind energy

A

energy obtained from the wind

41
Q

work

A

that which occurs when a force moves through a net displacement; the tangible
product of expended energy

Physics A (4 decks)

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