Unit 3 Flashcards
planning
the process of achieving a goal
where should you start planning a hpp
getting support from the top dogs, dms
why should u be careful with top dog support
they might have needs that the PP doesnt want, the pp is still ur #1 priority so be careful
resource
usually money
support
non money resource
what happens if the idea comes from the top
better for you because then you dont have to gain their support, you already have it
how do u gain support before you start
find out what dms want, make a rationale based off of that
what do most organizations value
human resources
human resources protection
many organizations have their values and goals based around this, protecting the lives of employees and organization members
prevention programs
unlikely to see a change in health status immediately, will take time
in terms of money this sucks but in terms of humans this has large value because of health. money shouldnt be the deciding factor in human resources
three things that have different goals that the organization values
employee, employer, community
leading by example
measures the organization’s commitment to employee and organizational health status and support measures
what 4 things does leading by example measure
leadership support
worksite support
economic awareness
business alignment with health
4 main steps to creating a rationale
gather evidence
title it
write the actual content
reference list/credibility part
what research should you include in your rationale
epidemilogical data (evidence based stats)
global scale relevance
whats happening in other places, be careful - might not generalize to your pp
goals, objectives, plans
budget/economic plans (CBA - ROI)
needs assessment (unlikely that it’ll be done at this point)
how it can benefit the organization
why it would benefit and make sense for the organization to invest in this program
content of rationale
economic factors epi data needs assessment global scale - get research on most macro scale whats happening elsewhere solution proposal why successful implementation plan eval design proposals
conclusion of rationale should include
references - show where and how credible your research is
conclusion - state how this is beneficial
evidence
data that is used to make decisions
evidence based
decisions that are made based on evidence, if something is evidence based it has more credibility if there was no evidence
social math
an interesting way of presenting statistics, do this so your dm’s arent bored while reading your rationale
cost benefit analysis
shows you profit in relation to expenses using a ROI - return on investment
return on investment
how much profit youre making
roi = 0
break even
roi > 0
profit
rot < 0
losing money
planning committee, when can you make one
once you have some support from key decision makers cna start a planning committee
planning committee
a collection of people that have complimentary skills that will actually plan the program that is to be implemented
what are planning committees also known as
planning team, steering committee, advisory board
what does the size of the planning committee depend on
the program and pp itself
should be small enough to reach consensus but large enough to do work
what/who should the planning commitee include (6)
- pp
- those with health risk
- variety of personalities (doers, thinkers, planners, motivators, influencers)
-key stakeholders not rep. in pp - org/sponsor
- leader
= SUCCESSFUL PLANNING COMMITTEE
what should you be aware of in a planning committee with people/leader
should be operating of the best interest of the PROGRAM not the PERSON
- be aware of politics and political personal agendas that may see people trying to act in their best interest - WRONG
what should a leader be
organized, planning, strong in achieving a goal, motivating, creative and effective
what should you do with a planning committee
- should evaluate it regularly
- add new people
- establish term limits (permanent, temporary, ad hoc?)
what is ad hoc?
ad hoc committtee?
temporary
what should you answer early in planning?
what is the dm support
are the looking to embed or institutionalize the program
is the planning committee temp, ad hoc or permanent
what resources available
how much money
what is the dms commitment
what autonomy or control does the PC have
parameters of planning
should be established early on, what parameters the program will work within
estbalish early to avoid problems and reduce risk of wasting resources
effective committee has 3 things
has an agenda
have communication between dm, planning committee and key stakeholders (PP)
organized
need
difference between now and desired level/state
true actual need
what you actually need and is required
perceived, desired need
what you want
what needs should you cater to
all of them - doesnt matter if its perceived or true
needs assessment
collecting data and analyzing it to see what needs and problems arise, determines the degree to which they’re being met, prioritize them baed on greatest risk factor and need in the community,, pp and what interventions and programs can be implmented to solve
what does a needs assessment identify
need how its being taken care of right now priority implememntation intervention to take resources/assets in community
2 goals of NA
assess needs, degree to which they’re being met (priority)
2 types of needs
service needs
service demands/desires
service need
professional approach
what the pros think the pp needs
be careful - may not be accurate
service desire/demand
what the pp thinks they need
- accurate
which is more important need or demand/desire?
both equal - have to balance and make sure both are satisifed, but again the PP is your main concern
when is not performing a NA okay?
- categorical funding
when one was just completed
no resources/money - stupid!!!!
what do you expect from an NA
needs degree theyre being met priority list assets and resources available suggested methods of intervention
what will an NA answer
what is going on in the community what are the risks and issues and needs what degree are they being met what interventions are promising what is being used in the commnunity right now to address them where are subgroups what are their needs where are they located geographically what can be done what is most pressing
community building
using the assets of the community to mobilize
strength based - what the community already has and can be used
how do you get NA data
primary sources
secondary sources
primary sources
actually conducted info from the PP themselves
pros of primary sources
- tailored to pp - fits well
- relevant
- will address needs accurately
PARTICIPATORY DEMOCRACY AND JUSTICE = FACILITATES BUY IN from the PP
what will a good planner do??? in light of what???
use 2ndary data in light of its limitations
cons of primary data
costly
time
hard to get sometimes
resource intensive
secondary sources
data already collected, not from PP
pros of secondary data
easy to locate, free, fast access
cons of secondary data
may not fit pp
may not be relevant is it accurate?
barriers to obtaining re: confidentiality issues
types of primary data sources
- single step surveys/cross sectional surveys/point in time surveys
- multistep surveys [delphi technique]
- meetings
- town hall meetings/community forum
- focus groups
- nominal groups
- observations
- self assessments
different types of single step surveys
written electronic face to face telephone group interviews
- proxy measure
- signficant others
- key informatants
- opinion leaders
what are the 4 types of observations
- direct (intrusive, unintrusive)
- indirect (proxy measure)
- walkthrough/windshield
- photovoice/videovoice
2 types of self assessments
HRAs - health risk assessments
HSAs - health status assessments
2ndary data sources (4)
govt
non govt agencies
data already collected from existing records
databases/internet (literature)
Mapping
putting needs on a map - mapping them geographically
what tool is used to map NA data
GIS - geographical information system
self report
the pp tells you about themselves, need to be careful for bias and info that may not be true, mostly has pretty good validity though
proxy measure
way of seeing if the behaviour actually occurred if the PP doesnt want to give you info self-disclosure
significant others
the pp doesnt have to tell you about their needs themselves, people very close to them can do that for them - aka - significant others, lovers, friends, family - can accurately report on what people need
key informatants
people in the community that have been strategically placed to report on needs - may be biases
opinion leaders
well respected individuals in the community that report on needs and can tell planning committes what they need or want in the community, are pretty represenative and people will take what they say with merit
- usually early adopters/influencers
written surveys
most often used can reach easily can reach many quick to administer time effective not that expensive unless targeting many
cons: low response, can facilitate response increase by making it pretty, puttin ID number and folowing up, incentives, no clarification if needed
face to face
better because can have clarification can probe more time costly - travel time can have visual cues can produce bias/influence answers participatory for the PP - good training required for consistency of question asking and taking responses
probing
a technique used by interviewers to get more indepth answer
telephone surveys
more wireless only households random digit dialing - doesnt work, random selection (cell phones, answering machines, may not have same area code) - no visual cues, quick, need trianing, can have bias, probing, can clarify, time effective
group interviewers
good - can get many info form many people at once
bias is possible
can probe - have same adv. as face to face interviewers, short time
electronic interviews
can hire companies to do part of the work for you - eg coming up with questionnaires - payment depends on service and length of time the service was used
- easy
- people familiar with technique
- technology - not eveyone comofrbale
- privacy
- canr each many people
- good control
- no clarification
- can design it as you wish
- more increasing use of technology in life
multistep surveys
delphi technique, gather info on more than occasion
- send out questionnaire, broad questions get answer, conduct another survey based on those answers - can go for 5 or fewer rounds
community forum/town hall meeting
led by a skilled moderator, people fromt he pp come together to discuss issues that they may have - has to be controlled by a moderator and follow a agenda - be careful of silent minority of vocal minority
meetings
meetings of a couple of people from the pp
- if small group may not be entirely representative of the PP - have to take in the whole PP into account and how they may have different needs and desires than the small group interviewed and meeting discussed
focus groups
came out of group therapy
a group of 8-12 people come together that dont know each other and were chosen based on a characteristic to discuss a certain topic
- need moderator as well - as topics get more controversial, need better worded questions and more skilled
- need to discuss, record and evaluate for later purposes - may be videotaped
nominal groups
groups of 5-7 people that come together, put down responses and THEN discuss the issues to ensure that there is no bias and that responses were already recorded prior to hearing what everyone else thinks - your true feelings and needs are put forward
- once discussed, focus is on prioritizing and ranking issues by IMPORTANCE
direct observations
can be intrusive - people know that youre observing them and their behaviour,this may lead to social desirability bias, hawthorne effect
can be unintrusive - people don’t know that youre observing them - is this ethical?
indirect observations
proxy measure - measure if the behaviour actually occurred
windshield/walkthrough
actually walk through the neighborhood, see what changes need to be done, what community health needs