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A.P Gov > Unit 3 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Flashcards

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0
Q

Family effect on political socialization

A

Most important in early years. He nears it diverges but most have similar views as parents

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1
Q

Political socialization

A

The process an. Individual acquires political values and views

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2
Q

Media influence on political socialization

A

Very big impact, younger people do not watch the news while older people do

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3
Q

Schools effect on political socialization

A

Significant role in socialization basics of democracy and capitalism. More likely to vote. Knowledge of politics. More tolerant of opposing opinions

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4
Q

Demographic factors on political socialization

A

Occupation, race, gender, age, religion, region, income, and ethnicity

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5
Q

Group affiliations effect on political socialization

A

People with a common bond which are expressed through group membership for example interest groups, labor unions, and professional organizations

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6
Q

Opinion leaders on political socialization

A

Highly respected people because of education, position, personality, or expertise

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7
Q

Ideology

A

Sets of beliefs about politics

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8
Q

Liberal

A

Supports active government in promoting individual welfare and civil rights and excepts peaceful political change within the political system is usually part of the Green party or Democratic Party

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9
Q

Conservative

A

Supports limited government role in economy, traditional values, and more active government role and national security. Cautious about change usually Republican

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10
Q

Moderate

A

Between liberal and conservative. Usually more tolerant and no extreme views

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11
Q

Radical

A

Favor significant fast change and will resort to extreme violent means

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12
Q

Reactionary

A

Advocates returning to a previous structure of order. Sometimes rely on extreme means

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13
Q

Public Opinion

A

Collection of public attitudes towards politics, public policy, or public issues.

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14
Q

Public opinion factors

A

Distribution of views, changes over time, or strength of opinion

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15
Q

Sampling

A

People chosen to participate in the pool representatives of the general population

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16
Q

Random sampling

A

Sophisticated survey organizations use this based on that everyone should have equal probability of being selected

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17
Q

Sampling error

A

Level of confidence in a poll

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18
Q

Exit polls

A

Surveys is by media to predict electoral winners

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19
Q

Straw polls

A

Asking a large number of people the same question

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20
Q

Benchmark polls

A

Used by prospective candidate to test the waters

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21
Q

Tracking polls

A

Measure support for candidate on day-to-day basis

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22
Q

Mass media

A

Radio, television, newspaper, magazine, etc.

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23
Q

Media event

A

Stage event unexpected to look spontaneous

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24
Q

Press conference

A

Meeting of public officials with reporters

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25
Q

New media

A

Talk radio, television talk shows, television Townhall meetings, and cable comedy show spoofing

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26
Q

Roles of the media

A

Watchdog-expose corruption. Setting public policy agenda-they can choose what they want to show, big issues will attract more attention.free exchange of idea-many journalists are eager to share their views

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27
Q

Staged events

A

Candidates hold a staged media event and individual press

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28
Q

Interviews

A

Lay ground rules about interview

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29
Q

Spin

A

Spin issues to try to get public and reporters to agree with their view

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30
Q

Soundbites

A

Try to capture main points in a few colorful words

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31
Q

Trial balloon

A

Tell reporter about a proposal off the record to see what publics reaction is

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32
Q

Leak

A

Let information out in an off the record conversation

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33
Q

Horserace journalism

A

Focuses on public perception, Paul dates, and differs among candidates. Day today coverage of the status

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34
Q

Technological regulations

A

The FCC regulate interstate and foreign communications

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35
Q

Structural regulations

A

Control of organization and ownership of Broadcrest networks-The 1996 telecommunication act

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36
Q

Content regulations

A

Although mass media is protected by the First Amendment, it is been subject to content regulation

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37
Q

Interest groups

A

Groups of people typically concerned with public officials to support issues that impact membership

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38
Q

Interest troops connection to Fed 10

A

Madison warned against factions and the impact of them

39
Q

Functions of interest groups

A

Raise awareness to the public, link between membership and government(linkage institutions), Provide information to the government officials to persuade, how public participate in political process towards a goal

40
Q

Economic interest groups

A

Labor union-AFL/CIO, Teamsters
Business groups-Chamber of Commerce
Professional groups-AMA and ABA
Agricultural groups-national farmers Union

41
Q

Union shop

A

Provision Found and many collective-bargaining agreements requiring all employees of a business to join the union

42
Q

Right to work laws

A

Prohibits business from having laws that require workers to join unions

43
Q

Promoting causes

A

American Civil Liberties Union-ACLU, NRA, AARP, NAACP

44
Q

Public interest groups

A

Deal with issues like environment, crime, consumer production, etc.

  • League of Women Voters
  • Moms against drunk driving-MADD
45
Q

Interest groups influence on elections

A

Encourages members to vote for a candidate who supports their interest and contribute money to candidates to political action committees (PACS)

46
Q

Lobbying

A

Attempting to influence policymakers into supporting their caused by supplying data to support their position

47
Q

Direct lobbying

A

Using personal contacts

48
Q

Grassroots lobbying

A

Integrated group members write letters, call, and email

49
Q

Coalition lobbying

A

Several infant room with similar goal going in together to influence policymakers

50
Q

Regulations of lobbying

A
  • Federal regulation of lobbying act required lobbyist to register with the clerk of the house and secretary of Senate if they wanted to influence legislation
  • Lobbying disclosure act requires legislation if lobbying was directed at members of Congress, congressional staff, or policymakers in the executive branch
51
Q

Litigation

A

If an interest group is unsuccessful in Congress they may attempt to further interest in court(NAACP segregation in schools)

52
Q

Amicus curiae briefs

A

Legal briefs submitted by a friend of the court to raise additional points of view and attempt to influence courts decision

53
Q

Political action committees-PACS

A

Formed after 1910s campaign-finance reform is preventing labor unions and corporations from directly contributing to a candidates running for federal office

54
Q

Super PAC S

A

Form July 2010 following speech now.org versus FEC

  • Allows for unlimited fundraising from corporations, unions, and individuals
  • Cannot give money directly but can overly support/oppose one
55
Q

Linkage institutions

A

The way issues make their way I’m becoming the government policy agenda(Lings public with policymakers)

56
Q

For main linkage institutions

A

Parties, elections, interest groups, the media

57
Q

Rational choice theory

A

People act in their own best interests weighing the cost and benefits of alternatives

58
Q

Party identification

A

Citizens preference of one party

59
Q

Current trend of party identification

A

Decline in party identification

60
Q

Ticket splitting

A

Becoming a norm and political behavior. Voting with one party for one office and vote for another party for another office that means

61
Q

National convention

A

Meeting of the parties delegates to choose presidential candidate and party platform

62
Q

National committee

A

Representatives from states that keeps the party operating between national conventions

63
Q

National chairs person

A

Usually chosen by the presidential nominee and conducts day-to-day operations

64
Q

One Party system

A

Only one party has a chance of winning the election

65
Q

Two-party system

A

Several parties, but two major parties. Difficult for the third-party to gain power

66
Q

Multiparty system

A

Several major and minor political parties. Many European countries have the system

67
Q

Critical elections

A

No coalitions replace old ones and majority party is displaced by the minority

68
Q

Party realignment

A

Displacement of the majority party by the minority party, usually during a critical action

69
Q

Party dealignment

A

Disengagement of people and politicians from a party

70
Q

Party neutrality

A

A term used to describe the fact that many Americans are indifferent or neutral towards a major political party

71
Q

Ideological

A

Based on a certain set of beliefs

72
Q

Splinter/personality/factional

A

Splits away from major party and usually formed when a strong leader loses the party nomination

73
Q

Single issue

A

Parties at only concentrate on one issue(prohibition)

74
Q

Protest

A

Usually emerge during economic discontent

75
Q

Presidential elections

A

Every four years also have the highest voter turnout

76
Q

Off your elections/midterm elections

A

Held every four years with no presidential election is being held also have lower voter turnout

77
Q

Closed primary

A

Only voters who have registered with the party may vote for the party’s candidates

78
Q

Open primary

A

Voters choose from candidates from different parties

79
Q

Blanket primary

A

Voters may choose a candidate from either party(only in Alaska)

80
Q

Runoff primary

A

When no candidate receives a majority of the votes in the top to vote getters have another election

81
Q

Regional primary

A

Critics believe that we should move towards a system with a national primary held in the election year

82
Q

National primary

A

Critics of primary system and caucuses believe that we should move to primary scheduled regionally

83
Q

Caucus

A

Meetings of a party members to discussed and openly vote for the candidate they support

84
Q

One has a president won the election without winning the popular vote

A

Bush versus Gore
Cleveland versus Harrison
Tilden versus Hayes
Jackson versus Adams

85
Q

Referendum

A

Method of direct legislation at the state level to allow voters to approve or disapprove of legislation or a constitutional amendment

86
Q

Initiative

A

Process in some states that allow voters to propose changes to the constitution by a vote if they are able to get enough signatures on a petition calling for a referendum

87
Q

Recall

A

A vote at the state/local level to remove an elected official from office

88
Q

FECA

A

Federal election campaign act-established the FEC

89
Q

FEC

A

Federal election commission-enforce the act and established public financing for presidential candidates

90
Q

Buckley versus Valeo 1976

A

Restrictions on PAC contributions and self financed campaigns were ruled unconstitutional

91
Q

Soft money

A

Unlimited amounts of money given to political parties for voter registration drives, national party conventions, an issue advertisements

92
Q

Hard money

A

Money directly given to the candidate (can be regulated)

93
Q

Bipartisan campaign finance reform act (BCRA)A.k.a. McCain-Feingold act 2002

A

Banned use of soft money and federal campaigns, increased limits on individual contributions, and required candidates to stand by their advertisements

94
Q

527 organizations

A

Examined the use of soft money

95
Q

Citizens United versus the FEC

A

Supreme Court held that limiting the amount of money, business, unions, and other groups use to influence an election is unconstitutional.

  • worried that businesses will be able to overpower the citizens
  • significant increase in money spent during campaign since the super PAC
96
Q

Motor voter act

A

Passed in 1993 that required states to permit people to register to vote at the same time as they were getting a license

A.P Gov (8 decks)

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