Unit 3

Question 0

Respondent conditioning

Answer 0

The repeated pairing of two stimuli resulting in a previously neutral stimulus becoming a conditioned stimulus.

Question 1

Stimulus

Answer 1

An event or object in the environment that an organism can sense.

Question 2

Neutral stimulus:

Answer 2

Stimulus that DOES NOT elicit a response.

Question 3

Unconditioned stimulus

Answer 3

Stimulus that does not require a learning history to elicit a response.

Question 4

Unconditioned response

Answer 4

Response that is caused by unconditioned stimulus.

Question 5

Conditioned stimulus

Answer 5

Stimulus that elicits a response due to a pairing history.

Question 6

Conditioned response

Answer 6

Response that is caused by conditioned stimulus.

Question 7

Respondent stimulus generalization

Answer 7

Tendency of a response to be elicited by a stimulus that is similar to the conditioned stimulus.

Question 8

How do you get rid of the response?

Answer 8

Weaken the response with multiple presentations.

Question 9

Antecedent behavior

Answer 9

Behavior causes a consequence.

Question 10

Law of effect

Answer 10

Responses that result in satisfying outcomes tend to be repeated.

Question 11

Operant conditioning

Answer 11

The strengthening or weakening the probability of behavior due to the consequence that have filled that same behavior in the past. (Skinner!)

Question 12

Response

Answer 12

Any action performed by the organism.

Question 13

Learning

Answer 13

Defined as a relatively permanent change in behavior as a result of experience.

Question 14

What does ABC stand for?

Answer 14

Antecedents, behavior, and consequences

Question 15

Contingency

Answer 15

The relationship between behavior, preceding events, and consequent events.

Question 16

Reinforcement

Answer 16

The principle

Question 17

Reinforcer

Answer 17

The stimulus

Question 18

Deprivation:

Answer 18

Given too LITTLE access to a reinforcer will make it MORE valuable.

Question 19

Satiation:

Answer 19

Given too MUCH access to a reinforcer will make it LESS valuable.

Question 20

Shaping:

Answer 20

The development of new behaviors by reinforcing successive approximations and extinguishing previous approximations. (Rat playing basketball example)

Question 21

Operant extinction:

Answer 21

The withholding of a consequence following behavior that results in a decrease on the future frequency of that behavior.

Question 22

Punisher:

Answer 22

A stimulus that follows a behavior and decreases the future frequency of that behavior.

Question 23

Punishment

Answer 23

The principle

Question 24

Punisher

Answer 24

The stimulus

Question 25

What is necessary for time-outs to work as punishments?

Answer 25

In order for time out to be effective as punishment, time in must be reinforcing.

Question 26

Successive approximations

Answer 26

It is the most similar behavior to the target behavior that the organism does at least occasionally.

Question 27

Observational Learning

Answer 27

Monkey see money do. Children became more likely to imitate if they observed the adults being rewarded for their actions (banduras bobo the clown)

Question 28

Contingency management

Answer 28

Changing the relationship between antecedents, behaviors, and consequences.

Question 29

Contingency management and drug abuse

Answer 29

If the recovering addicts showed up to work clean (no drugs in their systems) they were allowed to work and earn money *reinforcement*. If the recovering addicts showed up to work work and failed the drug test, they were not allowed to work that day *punishment*.

Question 30

Behavioral sports psychology

Answer 30

Behavioral principles can be applied to the coaching process by explicitly identifying the precise behaviors to be executed, developing a specific plan to manage contingencies through monitoring and rewards.

Question 31

What is the common staff reaction to the behavioral problems of elderly residents in nursing homes?

Answer 31

Restraints (specifically chemical restraints)

Question 32

What are 3 positive improvements that can be achieved through staff training with behavioral management techniques?

Answer 32

1) improve memory 2) decrease aggression 3) promote independence of residents w/o extra staff required.

Question 33

What did the largest and most expensive educational experiment ever funded by the federal government demonstrate?

Answer 33

Project Follow Through: demonstrated that behavior-based educational methods produced the greatest gains in basic education skills, complex cognitive skills, and improved self-esteem in children from diverse backgrounds. "Don't blame the rat/learner"

Question 34

Primary reinforcers:

Answer 34

Typically satisfy some biological need such as food, water, warmth, oxygen, etc.

Question 35

Secondary reinforcers:

Answer 35

Can be any number of possible stimuli, such as praise, good grades, money, and hobbies.

Question 36

Primary punishers:

Answer 36

Tend to be relate to events that are biological in nature such as pain stimulation or extreme temperatures.

Question 37

Secondary punishers:

Answer 37

Acquired by being paired with other punishing events like; criticism embarrassment, and loss of possessions.

Question 38

Respondent conditioning:

Answer 38

When a conditioned stimulus becomes neutral again due to repeated presentations of the conditioned stimulus in the absence of the stimulus it was originally paired with.

Question 39

Motivation operation:

Answer 39

An antecedent change in the environment that makes a reinforcement more or less valuable.