Unit 3 20-1

Question 1

What is autonomy?

Answer 1

(of a country or region) the right or condition of self-government.

Question 2

Bilateralism

Answer 2

an agreement whereby two nations or nation-states co-operate to pursue each nations interests.

Question 3

Continetalism

Answer 3

The belief that Canada should seek closer ties with the US, for example, through closer trade links, energy sharing, or water use policies. Some groups are against American influence like the Council of Canadians but the business community is for continentalism so the business laws would be more like in the US. You can see this through NAFTA and the WTO.

Question 4

Collective Security

Answer 4

The cooperation of several countries in an alliance to strengthen the security of each.

Question 5

Decolonization

Answer 5

When nations gain independence from their colonies. It is also a contemporary phenomenon. India and Pakistan, Mozambique, Ukraine, Chechyna. Gives self-determination.

Question 6

Domestic policy

Answer 6

decisions that are directly related to all issues and activity within a nation’s borders

Question 7

Expansionism

Answer 7

a policy advocating territorial or economic expansion.

Question 8

EU

Answer 8

European Union; In 1950, the French Foreign minister suggested that Euopean countries share resources so everyone could be more peaceful. Didn’t want France vs. Germany to be a thing anymore and said that this should be the most important thing to be dealt with. After WWII, goals were economy, reconstruction, togetherness. Led to the ECSC (which included 6 nations including France and Germany in which they pooled together coal and steel). The EU is supranational. Created the Euro.

Question 9

Foreign Policy

Answer 9

A course of action that a sovereign nation takes in its conduct with other nation states or international organizations. May take the form of multilateralism, unillateralism, or bilateralism. For Canada, we usually go for multilateralism.

Question 10

Geneva Convention

Answer 10

An example of countries working together for the well-being of the global community. Set regulations about actions permissible in war. Includes treatments of prisoners, the injured, ect.

Question 11

UN - General Assembly

Answer 11

One of the six principal organs of the United Nations and the only one in which all member nations have equal representation (one vote). The main deliberative, policymaking and representative organ of the UN.

Question 12

Hegemonic Internationalism

Answer 12

A dominating influence over other groups or societies. Colonialism and imperialism are examples. Done the most to shape the modern world. Seen through culture and knowledge. English is becoming the dominant language.

Question 13

Humanitarianism

Answer 13

A philosophy based on the belief that all human beings deserved to be treated with respect and dignity. Can conflict with other loyalties.

Question 14

Humanitarian Intervention

Answer 14

Means to prevent or stop a gross violation of human rights in a state, where such state is either incapable or unwilling to protect its own people, or is actively persecuting them.

Question 15

IMF

Answer 15

A hegemonic organization that promotes internationalism. Gives advice to countries about economics. Loans to countries but this can cause great hardship. Privitization of companies, eliminate government services, more market economy based. Can result in the loss of a states authority to govern it’s own economy.

Question 16

Infastructure

Answer 16

An underlying base or foundation especially for an organization or system.

Question 17

IGOs

Answer 17

Intergovernmental organizatons. Best known is the UN. IGOs are set up by formal agreements among nations, global issues. They represent individual nation’s needs and the collective interests of all nations. All benefit. Have more finances than INGOs. Ex. the arctic council.

Question 18

International cooperation

Answer 18

A group of actions and/or resources exchanged between actors from different countries, voluntarily and according to their own interests and strategies.

Question 19

Internationalism

Answer 19

The advocacy of a community of interests among nations. The belief in cooperation among nations for the benefit and wellbeing of humankind. May be promoted through foreign policy. Can be linked to ensuring economic stability. For example, the UN.

Question 20

Isolationism

Answer 20

A foreign policy in which a nation state chooses not to become involved in the affairs of other nations either militarily or through trade. Example. the US not wanting to get involved in European wars. They continued this for years until events like the Cold War, Korea, Vietnam and 9/11.

Question 21

Law of the Sea

Answer 21

Defines the rights and responsibilities of nations with respect to their use of the world’s oceans, establishing guidelines for businesses, the environment, and the management of marine natural resources. The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) is the international agreement

Question 22

Liberal Internationalism

Answer 22

The belief that through greater interaction and cooperation, nations and nation states can achieve common goals, especially peace and prosperity. Optimistic. Canada followed it in the 20th and 21st centuries. Create wealth and peace. Expressed through the creation of the League of Nations and the UN. Ex. NGOs, humanitarian efforts, peace movements. Critics say that countries with better economies benefit.

Question 23

Mandate to protect

Answer 23

Responsibility to protect (R2P). Protection of civilians. Peacekeeping operations with the protection of civilians (POC) from physical violence.

Question 24

Multilateralism

Answer 24

An agreement whereby various nations or nation states cooperate to pursue their interests and goals beyond their boarders, not alone, but in cooperation and coalitions with other states. A form of foreign policy. Usually the approach most favoured in Canada.

Question 25

NAFTA

Answer 25

An economic alliance between the USA, Canada, and Mexico that seeks to improve their economies by reducing tariffs, and eliminating barriers that protect industries. Evidence of a continentalist position. Job losses, lower consumer prices, larger gap between rich and poor, more trade with the US.

Question 26

NATO

Answer 26

North Atlantic Treaty Organization. A military alliance in which member countries including Canada, the USA, most of Western Europe, and parts of Eastern Europe agree to help defend eachother. Originally an organization of mutual defence for its members, now an international military alliance to engage global security. Presently involved in Afghanistan. Protect global interests.

Question 27

INGOs

Answer 27

International nongovernmental organizations. Not established by governments but set up by individuals and groups. Non-profit, non-religious, pacifist (non military). Ex. Oxfam International, World Vision International, and CARE International, Red Cross. Designed for a clear purpose.

Question 28

Peacekeeping

Answer 28

An example of humanitarian involvement. Canada has played a significant role especially with the UN. NATO is involved. A way to create conditions for peace. Strengthening world peace as an objective of Canada’s national policy. Has become more difficult for Canada because we are part of so many operations (Bosnia, Rwanda, Afghanistan).

Question 29

Referendum

Answer 29

A general vote by the electorate on a single political question that has been referred to them for a direct decision.

Question 30

Revolutionary Internationalism

Answer 30

The belief that conflicts within societies are determined by international factors and alliances. Extends back to American and French Revolutions. Examples like feminism and environmentalism. Not as common these days but has had a big impact. Created alliances, modern nation-states, and wars.

Question 31

UN - Security Council

Answer 31

Has primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security.

Question 32

Security Intervention

Answer 32

Eliminate threats for their own security. US and NATO to Afghanistan. US and coalitions into Iraq.

Question 33

Self-determination

Answer 33

A principle whereby a nation is free to decide its own political allegiance or form of government. Can be achieved through succesor states, decolonization, referendum, third party processes.

Question 34

Sovereignty

Answer 34

A nation’s right to self government and control over its own jurisdiction that is recognized by other nations.

Question 35

Succession

Answer 35

A number of people or things sharing a specified characteristic and following one after the other.

Question 36

Supranationalism

Answer 36

Nations putting aside their self-interests to work with other nations for the good of the collective, or for global good. The well being of humanity is placed above the well being of one particular nation. Member nations appoint representatives. Example. The UN, African Union, WTO.

Question 37

Unilateralism

Answer 37

One state or nation state acts independently to pursue its interests. Opposite of multilateralism. Type of foreign policy. The USA and sovereignty. Rejection of the Kyoto Protocol. Prisoners in Cuba (Geneva convention violation).

Question 38

WTO

Answer 38

World trade organization. Evidence of Canadian continentalism. Nation states that work together to resolve trade issues. Set the legal rules for international trade. Promotes free trade, lowering trade barriers.

Question 39

Afghanistan

Answer 39

Canada sent troops before UN peacekeeping. Went to back up the US to stop terrorists and oust the Taliban group that held power. Gone to rebuild the basis of society and generally help the people.

Question 40

Darfur

Answer 40

In Sudan. The government said that it was civil war and did not want peacemakers involved, but they debated if it was genocide which would mean that the UN peacemakers would have to intervene.

Question 41

East Timor

Answer 41

National interests of a nation come into conflict with a nation state. Gained independence from Indonesia in 2002 following a referendum after 2 decades of fighting. 1/4 million died. Canada contributed soldiers to help keep the peace during this time.

Question 42

George Bush

Answer 42

Accused Iraq, Iran and North Korea as “axis of evil” and using weapons of mass destruction. War on terrorism as a national interest. “Wants Cuba to be free.” President during 9/11 and the invasion of Afghanistan and Iraq. NATO reacted to 9/11. Invaded Iraq with the UN. Hard line unilateralism. Defied the UN charter. Against the Kyoto protocol.

Question 43

Iraq

Answer 43

President Bush told the Iraqi president to disarm, he refused, so they invaded Iraq. The UN said it was illegal.

Question 44

Nisga’a

Answer 44

Maintaining relationship to the land is a national interest. Land claim between them and BC. First formal treaty since colonial times. Nass river.

Question 45

Outbreak of WWII

Answer 45

The idea that it happened due to European countries giving into Hitler’s plans and letting him go through with the Holocaust (appeasement). They thought that appeasement was the best way to avoid another war.

Question 46

Quebec

Answer 46

Wanted sovereignty from Canada but to still be tied economically. Separatist movement.

Question 47

Rwandan Genocide

Answer 47

In 1994, the Hutus went about killing the Tutsis for 100 days. The UN failed their peacekeeping mission.

Question 48

Stephen Harper

Answer 48

Former PM of Canada. Wanted Canadian Arctic sovereignty. Didn’t believe that Canada could reach the goals of the Kyoto protocol and withdrew and came up with a different plan.

Question 49

Soviet Union

Answer 49

The USSR. Governed by the communist party. From 1922 to 1991. Made up of several nations.

Question 50

Vietnam

Answer 50

The US played a major role in the Vietnam War 1956-1975. The Cold War resulted in the US going to war with Vietnam. It had seemed like the US abandoned isolationism.
Also wanted to stop the spread of communism.

Question 51

Yugoslavia

Answer 51

There were conflicting senses of nationalism between the many nations that were a part of Yugoslavia. War broke out and there were also results of successor states.

Question 52

The Orange Revolution

Answer 52

Civil disobedience in Ukraine after there were accusations of voter fraud. INGOs and IGOs went in to support the revolution.

Question 53

Arctic council

Answer 53

An IGO that is made up of nation states who extend the arctic circle. Indigenous peoples as permanent participants. The permanent participants organizations are INGOs.