Unit 3 Flashcards
How can population growth affect the environment
Deforestation
Industrialization
Pollito.
More green house gas emissions in largely populated areas
Four factors that affect a global population growth
Death rate
Birth rate
Immigration rate
Emigration rate
The equation connecting population growth factors
Local: (birth rate - death rate) (immigration rate - emigration rate)
Define exponential growth + graph
Accelerating growth thst occurs when there is a constant growth rate over time
Logistic population growth graph
Exponential growth at first, then graph slices as carrying capacity gets closer
Looks like a slanted S
What is the rule of 70
years it takes for a population to double I’d based on rule of 70
Equation: doubling time = 70/growth rate
Environmental resistance definition
Limits set by environment on population growth
- resources
- Predation
- competition
- disease
- Webster
Carrying capacity, why is it dynamic
Max # if species that an environment can support for an indefinite period of time
Easily fluctuates due to resource availability, weather, habit changes
Reproductive factors that affect how quickly a species population grows
Age of reproduction
Length of reproductive process
# offspring per litter
# reproductive periods per life time
Chances offspring live to adult hood
R selected pecios
High reproduction rate
Minimal parental daré
Short lifespan
Ex. Mosquitos
K selected species
Low reproduction rates
High parental care
Lower lifespans
Ex. Elephant
Current world population
8.2 billion
Why increase in population in 1800
Rise in jobs
Advancements weave to support more people
Total fertility rate , why has it decreased in recent years
Avg # of female of a population in her life time
Decreased because of lower death rates in children more edu. For women, contraceptives, reproductive healthcare
Replacement level fertility
of children a couple has go have to replace themselves (normally 2)
What is replacing level fertility right now and why is it at thst value
2.1
Accounts for childrens death
Link to industrialization and lower birth rate
Healthcare improvements
Urbanization - children more likely to get jobs in an urban setting + make money therefore less need for more children
Primary types of age structure population
Pyramid = increase
Stable = stays straight
Declining = smaller at bottom
What favors allowed for the creation of the first cities
Extra agricultural production
Trade network
General historical trend for people living in urban vs urban places
Throughout history has mostly been rural
90% rural in 1800
44% rural in 2023
3 environmental impacts of cities
Resource use
Tempature
Pollution
3 environmental benefits of cities
Population density
Public transport
Per capita resource use
Consumption of resources va global production growth as a concern for the environment
Consumption of resources in cities with a lower population contribute more to. Lunate change that huge population that didn’t consume many resources
Climate vs weather
Weather - short term local regain
Climate - log term large region
Natural Influenes of climate
Sunlight
Ocean and air
Volcanoes
The green house effect
Greenhouse gasses trap heat in atmosphere
Solar radiation : energy from sun
Absorption and reflection earth soaks in energy and heat
Infrared radiation - sends energy back Into the atmosphere
Green house gas interaction - greenhouse gases absorb and hot back into earth
Trapped best lees earth surface warm to support life
Common greenhouse gasses
CO2
Methane
Nitrous oxide
CFCs
Climate change graphs - higher CO2 means what for temp and vise Cerda
CO2 causes greater worming
Historical, modern, future sources of evidence climate change
Weather station
I’ve cried
Water sediment
Corals
Tree rings
Potential effects of climate Change
Global warming
Glacial melt
Extreme weather
Agricultural impacts
