Unit 3

Question 1

Nervous System

Answer 1

Responsible for coordinating actions/movements and transmitting sensory signals

Question 2

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Answer 2

The brain and the spinal cord

Question 3

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Answer 3

All the nerves outside the brain and the spinal cord that connect to the rest of the limbs and organs of the body

Question 4

Somatic Nervous System

Answer 4

• Part of the PNS
• Associated with skeletal muscle, voluntary control of body movments

Question 5

Automatic Nervous System

Answer 5

• Part if the PNS
• Influences the function of internal organs

Question 6

Sympathetic Nervous System

Answer 6

Helps your body activate its “flight-or-flight” response

Question 7

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Answer 7

Relaxes your body after periods of stress or danger

Question 8

Nucleus (Neuron)

Answer 8

Neuron’s life-support center

Question 9

Dendrites (Neuron)

Answer 9

Receives information from previous neuron and conducts the impulse toward the nucleus

Question 10

Axon (Neuron)

Answer 10

Carries neural messages away from the nucleus toward other neurons, muscles, or glands

Question 11

Myelin Sheath (Neuron)

Answer 11

Fatty cells covering the axon which help speed neural impulses

Question 12

Axon Terminal Branches (Neuron)

Answer 12

Forms connection across the synapse with dendrites of the next neuron

Question 13

Synapse (Neuron)

Answer 13

Neurons pass electrical or chemical signals to each other

Question 14

Afferent/Sensory Neurons

Answer 14

Sends sensation information you experience up to your brain

Question 15

Efferent/Motor Neurons

Answer 15

Muscle moments impulses carried out from the brain

Question 16

Interneurons

Answer 16

Communication neurons in the spinal cord

Question 17

Neurotransmitters

Answer 17

Chemical messengers that transmit across the synaptic gap between neurons

Question 18

Brainstem

Answer 18

• Oldest part of the brain
• Beginning where the spinal cord swells as it enters the skull

Question 19

Medulla (Brainstem)

Answer 19

• Base of the Brainstem
• Controls heartbeat and breathing

Question 20

Pons (Brainstem)

Answer 20

• Connects different brain regions together
• Involved in facial expressions

Question 21

Reticular Formation (Brainstem)

Answer 21

A nerve network that plays an important role in controlling arousal

Question 22

Thalamus (Brainstem)

Answer 22

• Located on top of the Brainstem
• Directs messages to sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla

Question 23

Cerebellum (Brainstem)

Answer 23

• The “little brain” attached to the back of the Brainstem
• Helps coordinate voluntary moment and balance
• Creates implicit memories

Question 24

The Limbic System

Answer 24

• Associated with emotions and drives
• A doughnut shaped system at the border of the Brainstem

Question 25

Amygdala (Limbic System)

Answer 25

- 2 almond shaped neural clusters - Linked to anger, aggression, and fear

Question 26

Hypothalamus (Limbic System)

Answer 26

- Lies below the thalamus - Directs eating/drinking, sex drives, and body temperature - Helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland

Question 27

Hippocampus (Limbic System)

Answer 27

Linked to explicit memory

Question 28

Pituitary Gland (Limbic System)

Answer 28

- Master endocrine gland - Linked to growth

Question 29

Cerebral Cortex

Answer 29

The fabric of interconnected neural cells that cover the cerebral hemispheres

Question 30

Frontal lobes (Cerebral Cortex)

Answer 30

Involved in in speaking, muscle moments, making plans, and judgments

Question 31

Parietal Lobes (Cerebral Cortex)

Answer 31

Involved in sensations, pressure, and pain

Question 32

Occipital Lobes (Cerebral Cortex)

Answer 32

Eyesight

Question 33

Temporal Lobes (Cerebral Cortex)

Answer 33

Hearing

Question 34

Motor Cortex (Cerebral Cortex)

Answer 34

Area near the back of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary moments

Question 35

Sensory Cortex (Cerebral Cortex)

Answer 35

Area near the front of the frontal lobes that registers and processes body sensations

Question 36

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

Answer 36

Electrodes on the scalp to create recordings of the waves of electrical activity that are across the brain’s surface

Question 37

CT (CAT) Scan

Answer 37

A series of X-ray photos taken from different angles and combined by a computer into a composite representation of a slice through the body

Question 38

PET Scan

Answer 38

A display of the brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a task

Question 39

MRI Scan

Answer 39

Uses magnetic fields and radio waved to produce images that distinguish among different types of soft tissue; allows us to see structures within the brain

Question 40

Glial Cells

Answer 40

Nourish, support, and protect neurons

Question 41

Broca’s Area

Answer 41

Left of the frontal lobe, directs muscle moments involved in speech

Question 42

Wernicke’s Area

Answer 42

Left of the temporal lobe, compression and expression in language