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8th grade U.S History > Unit 3 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Flashcards

The U.S. Constitution

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1
Q

What were three positive accomplishments of the Confederation Congress?

A
  1. Won revolutionary war
  2. Negotiated Treaty of Paris
  3. Organized Northwest Territory
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2
Q

What were the 5 major weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?

A
  1. Federal Government too Weak
  2. Had war debt but no power to tax
  3. There was fighting among states (acting like 13 separate nations)
  4. There was only 1 branch and the government could make laws but not enforce them
  5. No respect from foreign nations
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3
Q

What did the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 establish?

A

Established rules for territories to become states
- 60,00 people

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4
Q

What did Shay’s Rebellion show about the federal government under the Articles of Confederation?

A

Showed how weak the national government was as they did not have the authority to assist a state in need

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5
Q

What issues and events led to the meeting in Philadelphia that became known as the Constitutional Convention?

A

Shay’s Rebellion, they realized they need a stronger federal government

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6
Q

When and Where was the Constitutional Convention

A

Summer of 1787, Philadelphia PA

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7
Q

What was the purpose of the Constitutional Convention?

A

To strengthen national government

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8
Q

Who was James Madison?

A

Author of the Virginia Plan. “Father of Constitution”
Wrote the federalists papers

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9
Q

What did the Virginia Plan say

A

Called for two house legislature with representatives based on population for both houses

Also called for 3 branches in the federal government (Judicial, Executive, and Legislative)

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10
Q

What did the New Jersey Plan state?

A

Called for one house in legislature with equal representation with 1 vote per state

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11
Q

Who liked the New Jersey Plan

A

smaller states

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12
Q

Who supported the Virginia Plan

A

Larger states

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13
Q

What did the Great Compromise state?

A

Two houses in congress with house of representatives based on population and senate with an equal number per state (2 per state)

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14
Q

What was the 3/5 compromise and why did they have to create it?

A

Stated that 3/5 of slaves were to be counted when determining representation and state tax money

Argued because they couldn’t agree whether to count slaves in population

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15
Q

Who were the two major Anti-Federalists

A

George Mason, Patrick Henry

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16
Q

What were the beliefs of Anti-Federalists

A

Opposed the constitution and felt it gave too much power to federal government.

Worried that it did not guarantee individual rights and needed a Bill of Rights

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17
Q

Who were the main 3 Federalist leaders?

A

Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison

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18
Q

What were the beliefs of Federalists?

A

Supported constitution and thought it created good balance between state and federal governments.

They supported strong national governments

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19
Q

Who wrote the Federalist papers

A

John Jay, James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton

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20
Q

Why were the Federalist papers written?

A

To convince people to ratify the new constitution

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21
Q

Be able to list 7 Principles of Constitution

A

Yes

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22
Q

Popular Sovereignty

A

Government gets power from the people
“We the people”

23
Q

Republicanism

A

People elect representatives to govern

24
Q

Federalism

A

Power is shared between national and state governments

25
Q

Separation of Powers

A

Federal government is divided into 3 branches
Executive - enforces
Judicial - Interprets
Legislative - Creates

26
Q

Checks and Balances

A

Each branch of federal government has power to check and limit the powers over the other 2 branches

27
Q

Limited government

A

Government powers are restricted and everyone must obey the laws of the land (includes elected officials)

28
Q

Individual Rights

A

Personal liberties (natural rights) government cannot take away

29
Q

What branch of the federal government does Article 1 of the Constitution establish

A

Legislative

30
Q

Legislative branch is called the

A

congress

31
Q

How many houses in Legislative branch, how are they chosen

A

Bicameral, two house legislature with house of representatives based on population and senate equal for every state (2)

32
Q

What is another name for the Necessary and Proper clause

A

The elastic clause

33
Q

What does the elastic clause allow the government to do

A

Allows them to act on issues not directly stated in constitution

Allows it to apply to future

34
Q

What does the “Writ of Habeas Corpus” protect

A

Government cannot jail a person without being officially charged of crime

35
Q

What branch does Article 2 of the Constitution establish

A

Executive

36
Q

How is president elected

A

Electoral College

(same number as representation in congress
House + Senate)

37
Q

What is President’s role in military

A

Commander-in-chief but only congress can declare war

38
Q

Who makes up the President’s cabinet

A

The Secretary’s of all the executive departments

39
Q

What branch does Article 3 of the constitution establish

A

Judicial

40
Q

What is Judicial Review

A

It allows the Supreme court to examine a law and look and decide whether or not it violates the constitution

41
Q

What is the purpose of amending the constitution

A

To ensure constitution is remained a flexible document that can change as America changes

42
Q

Amendment One

A

RAPPS
- religion
- assembly
- press
- petition
- speech

43
Q

Amendment two

A

The right to bear arms

44
Q

Amendment three

A

No quartering of troops

45
Q

Amendment four

A

No unreasonable search and seizures

46
Q

Amendment five

A

Rights of person accused of crime
- due process of law (fair treatment)
- Indictment by Grand Jury
- No double jeopardy
- Can’t take property without due process or payment
- Right to remain silent

47
Q

Amendment six

A

-Speedy trial by jury in CRIMINAL cases
-right to an attorney

48
Q

Amendment seven

A

right to trial by jury in CIVIL cases

49
Q

Amendment eight

A

Guarantees no excessive bails, fines, or cruel and unusual punishment

50
Q

Amendment nine

A

Guarantees people have more rights than what is listed in first 9 amendments

51
Q

Amendment 10

A

Guarantees powers not delegated to federal government are reserved for states and people

52
Q

When was the U.S constitution ratified

A

1787

53
Q
A

8th grade U.S History (3 decks)

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