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8th grade U.S History > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

(Colonization of the 13 colonies)

1
Q

When was Jamestown founded

A

May 14th, 1607

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2
Q

What is the importance of Jamestown

A

It was the first PERMANENT english settlement in the “new world”

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3
Q

What caused 2/3 of the population of Jamestown to die out

A

disease (malaria, mosquitoes were causes)

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4
Q

Reason for establishing Jamestown

A

for money (gold), NOT for religious freedom

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5
Q

What is Mercantilism

A

By using raw materials of the colony, the mother could increase wealth (through raw materials)

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6
Q

What percentage of Jamestown had died out

A

2/3 of Jamestown had died out

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7
Q

When did John Smith take control of Jamestown

A

1608

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8
Q

What did John Smith make the colonists do

A

Work Harder

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9
Q

What was John Smith’s quote?

A

“He that will not work shall not eat”

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10
Q

On top of making colonists work harder, John Smith __________

A

Convinced Powhattan to trade food

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11
Q

How many colonists were still alive after starving time

A

Only about 60 percent of colonists were still alive

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12
Q

What was the starving time

A

A period of time in the winter were disease and famine hit hard

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13
Q

What was one of the main reasons that colonists didn’t have food during starving time?

A

Tensions grew between natives resulting in natives not wanting to trade

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14
Q

Who was John Rolfe?

A

He introduced a new type of tobacco that made Jamestown profit

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15
Q

What was the effect of a European colonists marrying a native American?

A

Resulted in a temporary alliance between colonists and Powhatans

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15
Q

Who married Pocahontas

A

John Rolfe

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16
Q

What were indentured Servants

A

settlers whose passage to America was paid for in return for their labor

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17
Q

What did indentured servants have to sign?

A

A contract saying how many years they would have to work

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18
Q

What factors led to an increased population of enslaved people

A

Plantations grew and colonial offices began to ask for more money

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19
Q

Enslaved African were forced to Jamestown when ____________________

A

demand for labor was higher than the supply

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20
Q

Why did Bacon’s rebellion happen?

A

They opposed government policies

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21
Q

What happened during the Bacon’s rebellion?

A

They attacked and burned down Jamestown

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22
Q
A
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23
Q

Who got to vote in the Virginia House of Burgesses?

A

White males who owned land

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24
Q

Who founded Maryland

A

Lord Baltimore

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25
Q

Who was Maryland named after?

A

Named after queen Maria

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26
Q

Why was Maryland founded?

A

founded to create a colony for catholics wanting to flee from religous persecution

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27
Q

Economy of Maryland

A

farming based that relied on cash crops (tobacco)

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28
Q

what year was the toleration act passed

A

1649

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29
Q

What did the toleration act say?

A

Made it a crime to restrict religious rights of Christians (supported religious tolerance)

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30
Q

What type of people founded the Carolinas

A

Proprietors (individuals who owned/governed)

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31
Q

What was the reason for the founding of the Carolinas

A

Money (Wealth)

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32
Q

Who founded Georgia

A

James Oglethorpe

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33
Q

What were the two reasons for the founding of Georgia

A

James Oglethorpe wanted debtors to make a new start here

King Hoped it would shield Britain’s colonies from Spain

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34
Q

Why did settlers hate James Oglethorpe

A

He set strict rules for them and eventually the king took over

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35
Q

What are the main three crops for the southern colonies

A

Tobacco, Indigo, Rice

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36
Q

Why did the southern economy rely on slaves

A

farms grew and they needed a larger workforce 1

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37
Q

African Americans make up how much of the southern population

A

40%

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38
Q

What were slave codes

A

Laws created to control slaves (ex: Slaves couldn’t hold weapons or firearms)

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39
Q

Why did agriculture do so well in the southern colonies

A

They had mild climates and fertile soil

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40
Q

When was the Mayflower Compact written

A

1620

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41
Q

Why did Puritans come to America

A

to avoid religious persecution

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42
Q

What type of Christians were Puritans

A

Protestants (wanted to purify Anglican Church)`

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43
Q

Why did Pilgrims come to America

A

To escape religious persecution

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44
Q

Who was the leader of the pilgrims

A

William Bradford

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45
Q

What ship did the pilgrims leave on

A

The Mayflower

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46
Q

Where did the pilgrims establish their colony?

A

Plymouth, Massachusetts

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47
Q

What was the purpose of the Mayflower Compact

A

It was a legal contract to protect the general good of the people

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48
Q

What was the significance of the signing of the Mayflower Compact

A

First attempts of self government

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49
Q

What two Native Americans helped the pilgrims

A

Squanto and Samoset

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50
Q

Squanto was a ______ Indian

A

Pautex (meaning he used to live in Europe)

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51
Q

What did the Native Americans teach the pilgrims?

A

They taught the pilgrims how to fertilize soil, how to hunt, and how to grow corn

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52
Q

What did the Pilgrims and Native Americans celebrate due to a good harvest

A

Thanksgiving

53
Q

What were the main two characteristic of a Pilgrim Community?

A
  1. They prioritized working together
  2. Families served as religious centers
54
Q

When was the Great Migration from?

A

1629-140

55
Q

About how many people moved from England to the colonies during the Great Migration?

A

40,000 people

56
Q

What was the main religious group that moved in the Great Migration?

A

Puritans

57
Q

Why did Puritans come to America during the Great Migration?

A

to flee from religious persecution

58
Q

What was formed due to the Great Migration

A

Massachusetts Bay Company

59
Q

Who led the Puritans during the great migration?

A

John Winthorp

60
Q

What year did the Massachusetts Bay Colony was founded?

A

1630

61
Q

Who served as the colonies’ first governer?

A

John Winthorp

62
Q

What did the Massachusetts General Court provide?

A

More independence than the royal charter (representative government for the colony)

63
Q

Who could vote in the Massachusetts General Court?

A

Male church members

64
Q

What was religion’s role in government?

A

Religion and government were closely tied. Everything was centered around religion

65
Q

Who was Thomas Hooker?

A

Founded New England colony and wrote the “Fundamental Orders of Connecticut”

66
Q

What year was the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut written?

A

1636

67
Q

What did the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut provide?

A

Made government more democratic and allowed men who were not church members vote

68
Q

Who was Roger Williams?

A

Formed Providence (Rhode Island) after Puritan leaders made him leave as he criticized general court for taking land from Indians

69
Q

Who was Anne Hutchinson

A

Helped found Portsmouth which later became part of Rhode Island

70
Q

What ideas did Anne Hutchinson think were wrong?

A

Thought the people’s relationship with god didn’t need guidance from a minister

71
Q

What did the Puritans think of settlers wanting to come to the New England colonies?

A

They had to be Puritan. (they didn’t allow Religious freedom)

72
Q

Why was it so hard for New England farmers to grow crops

A

Because New England colonies had a harsh climate and rocky soil

72
Q

What was sustenance farming

A

producing enough food to feed your family and possibly a little extra for trade

73
Q

New England merchants ______ goods locally and with other colonies

A

traded

74
Q

Who became the leading men in the New England region?

A

Merchants

75
Q

Why was the fishing industry successful in New England colonies?

A

Rich waters were home to many fish

76
Q

What fish were most commonly found in the New England regions?

A

(cod, mackerel, halibut)

77
Q

Why did colonists begin hunting whales?

A

They provided oil for lighting

78
Q

The shipbuilding industry grew because….

A

New England seaports grew and more merchant ships were being built

79
Q

What were apprentices?

A

Younger students who went to learn blacksmithing, weaving, etc from mastermen

80
Q

What did apprentices then become?

A

Journeymen

81
Q

Why did parents want children to read?

A

To learn to read the bible

82
Q

What were children taught in schools?

A

Religious values

83
Q

What was used in the New England colonies to teach children?

A

New England Primer

84
Q

What percent of men were literate in the New England Regions?

A

70% of men

85
Q

What percent of women were literate in the New England Regions?

A

45% of women

86
Q

Why were literacy rates lower in the southern colonies compared to the northern colonies?

A

Northern colonies highlighted education

87
Q

Who founded Connecticut

A

Thomas Hooker

88
Q

What did Thomas Hooker write?

A

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

89
Q

Who founded New Hampshire?

A

John Wheelwrite

90
Q

What did New Hampshire promise to settlers?

A

religious freedom and a representative

91
Q

What two people founded Rhode Island?

A

Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson

92
Q

What percent of enslaved people made up New England?

A

3%

93
Q

Why was New Netherland founded?

A

Founded as a trading post for exchanging fur with the Iroquois

94
Q

What was the city in New Netherlands that was most popular?

A

New Amsterdam

95
Q

How did New Amsterdam become New York

A

It was captured by an English fleet in 1664

96
Q

Who were the main two proprietors of New Jersey

A

George Carteret and John Berkeley

97
Q

What religious group was known as “Societies Freinds”

A

Quakers

98
Q

Why were Quakers persecuted in England and America

A

They didn’t follow normal practices and supported non-violence and gender equality

99
Q

Who founded Pennsylvania

A

William Penn (was a quaker)

100
Q

What was the reason for William Penn founding Pennsylvania

A

wanted to provide safe home for Quakers to live

101
Q

What government was set up in Pennsylvania

A

Representative Government with little power

102
Q

What was the nickname of Philadelphia

A

City of brotherly love

103
Q

What are staple crops

A

crops that are always needed (wheat, barley, oats)

104
Q

Why were the middle colonies able to grow a large amount of staple crops?

A

Had good climate and rich land

105
Q

What percent of the Middle Colonies is enslaved

A

7%

106
Q

How many indentured servants were in the Middle Colonies from 1770-1775

A

135,000

107
Q

What was a vital part of the Middle Colonies’ economy?

A

trade

108
Q

What were the roles of Women in the Middle colonies

A

Some ran businesses, but most had limited economic roles

109
Q

What group originally founded New Netherland

A

The Dutch

110
Q

What group of colonies was nicknamed the “Breadbasket colonies”

A

The Middle Colonies

111
Q

Who was the head of the government in the colonies?

A

Governers

112
Q

How were governors chosen in the colonies?

A

By the English King/Queen

113
Q

What council set the policies of the colonies

A
114
Q

What was the significance of the Virginia House of Burgesses

A

First legislative government

115
Q

What were the Virginia House of Burgesses split into?

A

House of Burgesses, and council of state

116
Q

What did King James the second create as a result of taking control of the government?

A

Dominion of New England

117
Q

When was the English Bill of rights passed?

A

1689

118
Q

What did the English Bill of Rights say?

A

Limited powers of English Monarch

119
Q

What was the purpose of the Navigation Acts?

A

to support system of mercantilism by limiting colonial trade

120
Q

What were the colonists’ reactions to the Navigation Acts

A

not all colonists agreed, they wanted the freedom to sell

121
Q

What was the triangle trade

A

A system in which goods and slaves were traded among the Americas, Britain, and Africa

122
Q

What was the Great Awakening

A

A movement in the late 1730’s where ministers began holding revivals to spread religion

123
Q

Who was Jonathan Edwards

A

Important leader of Great Awakening

124
Q

What were the main effects of the Great Awakening

A
  1. Promoted Ideas that affected colonies politics
  2. Made colonists demand more equality
125
Q

What was the Enlightenment

A

A movement in which people believed the spread of logic could improve society

126
Q

What three things did John Locke spread

A

Life, Liberty, Property

127
Q

Who was Montesquieu and what did he contribute?

A

French Philosopher who argued about 3 branches of government

128
Q
A

8th grade U.S History (3 decks)

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