Unit 1 Flashcards
(Colonization of the 13 colonies)
When was Jamestown founded
May 14th, 1607
What is the importance of Jamestown
It was the first PERMANENT english settlement in the “new world”
What caused 2/3 of the population of Jamestown to die out
disease (malaria, mosquitoes were causes)
Reason for establishing Jamestown
for money (gold), NOT for religious freedom
What is Mercantilism
By using raw materials of the colony, the mother could increase wealth (through raw materials)
What percentage of Jamestown had died out
2/3 of Jamestown had died out
When did John Smith take control of Jamestown
1608
What did John Smith make the colonists do
Work Harder
What was John Smith’s quote?
“He that will not work shall not eat”
On top of making colonists work harder, John Smith __________
Convinced Powhattan to trade food
How many colonists were still alive after starving time
Only about 60 percent of colonists were still alive
What was the starving time
A period of time in the winter were disease and famine hit hard
What was one of the main reasons that colonists didn’t have food during starving time?
Tensions grew between natives resulting in natives not wanting to trade
Who was John Rolfe?
He introduced a new type of tobacco that made Jamestown profit
What was the effect of a European colonists marrying a native American?
Resulted in a temporary alliance between colonists and Powhatans
Who married Pocahontas
John Rolfe
What were indentured Servants
settlers whose passage to America was paid for in return for their labor
What did indentured servants have to sign?
A contract saying how many years they would have to work
What factors led to an increased population of enslaved people
Plantations grew and colonial offices began to ask for more money
Enslaved African were forced to Jamestown when ____________________
demand for labor was higher than the supply
Why did Bacon’s rebellion happen?
They opposed government policies
What happened during the Bacon’s rebellion?
They attacked and burned down Jamestown
Who got to vote in the Virginia House of Burgesses?
White males who owned land
Who founded Maryland
Lord Baltimore
Who was Maryland named after?
Named after queen Maria
Why was Maryland founded?
founded to create a colony for catholics wanting to flee from religous persecution
Economy of Maryland
farming based that relied on cash crops (tobacco)
what year was the toleration act passed
1649
What did the toleration act say?
Made it a crime to restrict religious rights of Christians (supported religious tolerance)
What type of people founded the Carolinas
Proprietors (individuals who owned/governed)
What was the reason for the founding of the Carolinas
Money (Wealth)
Who founded Georgia
James Oglethorpe
What were the two reasons for the founding of Georgia
James Oglethorpe wanted debtors to make a new start here
King Hoped it would shield Britain’s colonies from Spain
Why did settlers hate James Oglethorpe
He set strict rules for them and eventually the king took over
What are the main three crops for the southern colonies
Tobacco, Indigo, Rice
Why did the southern economy rely on slaves
farms grew and they needed a larger workforce 1
African Americans make up how much of the southern population
40%
What were slave codes
Laws created to control slaves (ex: Slaves couldn’t hold weapons or firearms)
Why did agriculture do so well in the southern colonies
They had mild climates and fertile soil
When was the Mayflower Compact written
1620
Why did Puritans come to America
to avoid religious persecution
What type of Christians were Puritans
Protestants (wanted to purify Anglican Church)`
Why did Pilgrims come to America
To escape religious persecution
Who was the leader of the pilgrims
William Bradford
What ship did the pilgrims leave on
The Mayflower
Where did the pilgrims establish their colony?
Plymouth, Massachusetts
What was the purpose of the Mayflower Compact
It was a legal contract to protect the general good of the people
What was the significance of the signing of the Mayflower Compact
First attempts of self government
What two Native Americans helped the pilgrims
Squanto and Samoset
Squanto was a ______ Indian
Pautex (meaning he used to live in Europe)
What did the Native Americans teach the pilgrims?
They taught the pilgrims how to fertilize soil, how to hunt, and how to grow corn
What did the Pilgrims and Native Americans celebrate due to a good harvest
Thanksgiving
What were the main two characteristic of a Pilgrim Community?
- They prioritized working together
- Families served as religious centers
When was the Great Migration from?
1629-140
About how many people moved from England to the colonies during the Great Migration?
40,000 people
What was the main religious group that moved in the Great Migration?
Puritans
Why did Puritans come to America during the Great Migration?
to flee from religious persecution
What was formed due to the Great Migration
Massachusetts Bay Company
Who led the Puritans during the great migration?
John Winthorp
What year did the Massachusetts Bay Colony was founded?
1630
Who served as the colonies’ first governer?
John Winthorp
What did the Massachusetts General Court provide?
More independence than the royal charter (representative government for the colony)
Who could vote in the Massachusetts General Court?
Male church members
What was religion’s role in government?
Religion and government were closely tied. Everything was centered around religion
Who was Thomas Hooker?
Founded New England colony and wrote the “Fundamental Orders of Connecticut”
What year was the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut written?
1636
What did the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut provide?
Made government more democratic and allowed men who were not church members vote
Who was Roger Williams?
Formed Providence (Rhode Island) after Puritan leaders made him leave as he criticized general court for taking land from Indians
Who was Anne Hutchinson
Helped found Portsmouth which later became part of Rhode Island
What ideas did Anne Hutchinson think were wrong?
Thought the people’s relationship with god didn’t need guidance from a minister
What did the Puritans think of settlers wanting to come to the New England colonies?
They had to be Puritan. (they didn’t allow Religious freedom)
Why was it so hard for New England farmers to grow crops
Because New England colonies had a harsh climate and rocky soil
What was sustenance farming
producing enough food to feed your family and possibly a little extra for trade
New England merchants ______ goods locally and with other colonies
traded
Who became the leading men in the New England region?
Merchants
Why was the fishing industry successful in New England colonies?
Rich waters were home to many fish
What fish were most commonly found in the New England regions?
(cod, mackerel, halibut)
Why did colonists begin hunting whales?
They provided oil for lighting
The shipbuilding industry grew because….
New England seaports grew and more merchant ships were being built
What were apprentices?
Younger students who went to learn blacksmithing, weaving, etc from mastermen
What did apprentices then become?
Journeymen
Why did parents want children to read?
To learn to read the bible
What were children taught in schools?
Religious values
What was used in the New England colonies to teach children?
New England Primer
What percent of men were literate in the New England Regions?
70% of men
What percent of women were literate in the New England Regions?
45% of women
Why were literacy rates lower in the southern colonies compared to the northern colonies?
Northern colonies highlighted education
Who founded Connecticut
Thomas Hooker
What did Thomas Hooker write?
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
Who founded New Hampshire?
John Wheelwrite
What did New Hampshire promise to settlers?
religious freedom and a representative
What two people founded Rhode Island?
Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson
What percent of enslaved people made up New England?
3%
Why was New Netherland founded?
Founded as a trading post for exchanging fur with the Iroquois
What was the city in New Netherlands that was most popular?
New Amsterdam
How did New Amsterdam become New York
It was captured by an English fleet in 1664
Who were the main two proprietors of New Jersey
George Carteret and John Berkeley
What religious group was known as “Societies Freinds”
Quakers
Why were Quakers persecuted in England and America
They didn’t follow normal practices and supported non-violence and gender equality
Who founded Pennsylvania
William Penn (was a quaker)
What was the reason for William Penn founding Pennsylvania
wanted to provide safe home for Quakers to live
What government was set up in Pennsylvania
Representative Government with little power
What was the nickname of Philadelphia
City of brotherly love
What are staple crops
crops that are always needed (wheat, barley, oats)
Why were the middle colonies able to grow a large amount of staple crops?
Had good climate and rich land
What percent of the Middle Colonies is enslaved
7%
How many indentured servants were in the Middle Colonies from 1770-1775
135,000
What was a vital part of the Middle Colonies’ economy?
trade
What were the roles of Women in the Middle colonies
Some ran businesses, but most had limited economic roles
What group originally founded New Netherland
The Dutch
What group of colonies was nicknamed the “Breadbasket colonies”
The Middle Colonies
Who was the head of the government in the colonies?
Governers
How were governors chosen in the colonies?
By the English King/Queen
What council set the policies of the colonies
What was the significance of the Virginia House of Burgesses
First legislative government
What were the Virginia House of Burgesses split into?
House of Burgesses, and council of state
What did King James the second create as a result of taking control of the government?
Dominion of New England
When was the English Bill of rights passed?
1689
What did the English Bill of Rights say?
Limited powers of English Monarch
What was the purpose of the Navigation Acts?
to support system of mercantilism by limiting colonial trade
What were the colonists’ reactions to the Navigation Acts
not all colonists agreed, they wanted the freedom to sell
What was the triangle trade
A system in which goods and slaves were traded among the Americas, Britain, and Africa
What was the Great Awakening
A movement in the late 1730’s where ministers began holding revivals to spread religion
Who was Jonathan Edwards
Important leader of Great Awakening
What were the main effects of the Great Awakening
- Promoted Ideas that affected colonies politics
- Made colonists demand more equality
What was the Enlightenment
A movement in which people believed the spread of logic could improve society
What three things did John Locke spread
Life, Liberty, Property
Who was Montesquieu and what did he contribute?
French Philosopher who argued about 3 branches of government
