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AP Chemistry > Unit 3 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Gases exert pressure by

A

bouncing off surfaces

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2
Q

Each collision of gas exerts

A

a force

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3
Q

Temperature

A

A measure of the average kinetic energy of atoms and molecules in a system

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4
Q

when kinetic energy doubles,

A

kelvin temperature doubles

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5
Q

Translational Energy

A

Gas molecules move through space in straight lines until they bounce off something

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6
Q

Collisions by gas particles are

A

elastic; kinetic energy is conserved

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7
Q

At any given temperature, the particles with less kinetic energy exert..

A

a lower pressure

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8
Q

The total pressure exerted by the gas particles system is

A

an average

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9
Q

Boyle’s Law

A

Relationship between pressure and volume

V1P1=V2P2

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10
Q

Volume is what to pressure?

A

inversely proportional; if you decrease the volume by half, the pressure will double

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11
Q

Charles’ Law

A

Relationship between temperature and volume

V1/T1 = V2/T2

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12
Q

Combined Gas Law

A

P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2
Combines boyle’s and charles’ laws

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13
Q

Avogadro’s Principle

A

Equal volumes of different gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of particles

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14
Q

Ideal Gas Equation

A

PV = nRT

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15
Q

The pressure exerted by a gas results from

A

the relative amount of that gas, not its identity

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16
Q

Mole fraction

A

The percent composition by moles of a single component in a mixture, represented in its decimal form

17
Q

If energy is absorbed it is

A

endothermic

18
Q

Thermodynamics

A

The relationship between chemical reactions and heat

19
Q

If energy is released it is

A

exothermic

20
Q

The distribution of kinetic energies
increases as temperature

A

increases

21
Q

The average kinetic energy of the
particles in a system increases as
temperature

A

increases

22
Q

Two systems at different temperatures that are in thermal contact with one another will

A

exchange energy (heat)

23
Q

System

A

The actual chemical reaction that is taking
place.

24
Q

Surroundings

A

The entire universe outside of the chemical reaction.

25
Q

Enthalpy of Reaction

A

The heat that is released or absorbed in
a chemical reaction.

H = Hproducts – Hreactants

AP Chemistry (2 decks)

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