Unit 3 Flashcards
Gases exert pressure by
bouncing off surfaces
Each collision of gas exerts
a force
Temperature
A measure of the average kinetic energy of atoms and molecules in a system
when kinetic energy doubles,
kelvin temperature doubles
Translational Energy
Gas molecules move through space in straight lines until they bounce off something
Collisions by gas particles are
elastic; kinetic energy is conserved
At any given temperature, the particles with less kinetic energy exert..
a lower pressure
The total pressure exerted by the gas particles system is
an average
Boyle’s Law
Relationship between pressure and volume
V1P1=V2P2
Volume is what to pressure?
inversely proportional; if you decrease the volume by half, the pressure will double
Charles’ Law
Relationship between temperature and volume
V1/T1 = V2/T2
Combined Gas Law
P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2
Combines boyle’s and charles’ laws
Avogadro’s Principle
Equal volumes of different gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of particles
Ideal Gas Equation
PV = nRT
The pressure exerted by a gas results from
the relative amount of that gas, not its identity
Mole fraction
The percent composition by moles of a single component in a mixture, represented in its decimal form
If energy is absorbed it is
endothermic
Thermodynamics
The relationship between chemical reactions and heat
If energy is released it is
exothermic
The distribution of kinetic energies
increases as temperature
increases
The average kinetic energy of the
particles in a system increases as
temperature
increases
Two systems at different temperatures that are in thermal contact with one another will
exchange energy (heat)
System
The actual chemical reaction that is taking
place.
Surroundings
The entire universe outside of the chemical reaction.
Enthalpy of Reaction
The heat that is released or absorbed in
a chemical reaction.
H = Hproducts – Hreactants
