acids and bases Flashcards

1
Q

Acids dissociate in water to produce

A

H+ ions

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2
Q

Bases dissociate in water to produce

A

OH- ions

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3
Q

Bronsted – Lowery Acids lose ______ to
become conjugate bases of the original acid.

A

protons
* H+ ions fall off of the acid

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4
Q

Bronsted – Lowery Bases accept ______ to
become conjugate acids of the original base.

A

protons
* They pick up H+ ions

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5
Q

Problems with Arrhenius

A

1) Only true for bases that contain Hydroxide
Ions, OH-
. * There are bases that do not have OH- ions, but
still make solutions basic.
2) Only true for reactions that take place in
aqueous solutions.

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6
Q

The “Big Six” Strong Acids

A

HClO4 (aq) HCl (aq)
HI (aq) HNO3 (aq)
HBr (aq) H2SO4 (aq)

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7
Q

Strong Bases

A

Li Na K Ca Sr Ba

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8
Q

Weak Bases Containing Nitrogen

A

The lone pair on the nitrogen accepts protons in
solution.

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9
Q

Strong acids always have very ______
conjugate bases

A

weak

HCl is a strong acid because Cl-(aq) is a weak
base.
Cl- cannot hold onto H+ in water.

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10
Q

Very weak acids always have very _______
conjugate bases

A

strong

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11
Q

Acid strength increases when moving

A

down a group

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12
Q

Conjugate base strength ______ when
moving down a group

A

down a group

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13
Q

two types of Oxoacids

A

There are two types of Oxoacids
1) An OH group bonded to an element that is not
bound to other Oxygens (HOY acids)
H – O – Y
2) An OH group bonded to an element that is
bound to other Oxygens (HYOn acids)
O
|
H – O – Y – O

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14
Q

HOY Oxoacids Acid strength increases as the electronegativity

A

of Y increases
Electrons are pulled out of O-H bond
* Makes the Oxygen a little bit positive
* This weakens the bond between O and H
* H+ breaks off easily

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15
Q

HYOn Oxoacids Acid strength increases as

A

more Oxygens are added to the central Y

Oxygen is a very electronegative element.
As you add more oxygen atoms to the
Y, the electronegativity at that end of the
compound increases. This makes it easier for the H+ion to fall
off.

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16
Q

Carboxylic acids are

A

weak organic acids

   O
  || R – C – O – H
17
Q

pH

A

Expresses the negative power of 10
for the concentration of H+

18
Q

(formula) pH = ?

A

pH= -log10 [H+]

19
Q

When dealing with binary acids within halogens (H-X, eg. HF, HCl, HBr), how do we determine its acid strength?

A

Bond strength - The strength of the H-X bond determines how easily 𝐻+ is released.
As you move down the periodic table, atomic size increases, making the H-X bond weaker and easier to break.
Acid Strength Trend (strongest to weakest):
𝐻𝐼>𝐻𝐵𝑟>𝐻𝐶𝑙>𝐻𝐹

20
Q

Ka

A

[PRODUCT]/[REACTANT]

21
Q

What are the Ka values of very strong acids? (big six)

A

Very large Ka values

22
Q

What type of acids are e –COOH or –CO2Hat the end of the formula for a compound?

A

weak organic acid (carboxylic
acid)

23
Q

The strong the acid, the ____ the pKA

24
Q

pKw formula (pH)

A

pKw= pH + pOH = 14

25
Q

pKw formula (K)

A

pKw= pKa + pKb = 14

26
Q

pKa < pKb solution

A

Solution is acidic

26
Q

Kw formula (K)