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Basic Audiology > Unit 3 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are diagnostic tests used for?

A

Diagnostic tests are administered to determine the underlying condition causing hearing loss

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2
Q

How does the knowledge of pathologies and disorders help audiologists?

A

It narrows the list of possible conditions, they choose tests that will help identify the condition, and they are able to determine the prognosis and auditory rehabilitation

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3
Q

Disorder

A

An abnormal physical or mental condition that affects the bodies function

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4
Q

Lesion

A

Specific area of damaged tissue

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5
Q

Gross/Macroscopic lesions

A

Can be see by the unaided eye

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6
Q

Histological/microscopic lesions

A

Can only be seen under the microscope

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7
Q

Molecular lesions

A

Damage to structure of biological molecules (like DNA or RNA), caused primarily many generic disorders but can also be caused by some serious infections

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8
Q

Focal lesion

A

Restricted to a specific area

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9
Q

Diffuse lesions

A

Extends beyond primary site and will usually involve multiple organ systems

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10
Q

Systematic lesions

A

Affects organs that share a common function

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11
Q

Structural lesions

A

Abnormal change in structure to an organ or tissue

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12
Q

Depressive leisons

A

Decreases the functional activity of a structure

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13
Q

Destructive lesions

A

Cases erosion or damage to the tissue or structure

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14
Q

Degenerative lesions

A

Destruction occurring over time (expected to get worse)

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15
Q

Irritative lesions

A

Produces hypersensitivity or abnormal sensation

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16
Q

Traumatic lesions

A

Caused by an injury

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17
Q

Vascular lesions

A

Caused by changes in bloodflow

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18
Q

Trophic or metabolic disorders

A

Caused by changes in the metabolic activity or cell structure

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19
Q

Idiopathic lesions

A

Of unknown cause or origin (a disease of unknown cause)

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20
Q

Can a disorder have more than one label?

A

Yes

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21
Q

Acquired Hearing loss

A

HL occurs later on in life (not born with it)

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22
Q

Hereditary Hearing loss

A

Passed along through families (may be manifested at birth)

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23
Q

Outer ear malformation

A

Anotia & Microtia & Preauricular pits & atresia & excessive cerumen & foreign objects & collapsing ear canal & tympanic membrane perferation

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24
Q

Anotia

A

An absent pinna

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25
Q

Microtia

A

Abnormally shaped pinna

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26
Q

What types of HL would Anotia and Microtia have?

A

Conductive HL

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27
Q

Preauricular pits, sinuses, apendages

A

Abnormally formed portions of the pinna

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28
Q

Atresia

A

Absent extremal auditory canal or severe stenosis leading to a small tympanic membrane

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29
Q

Stenoisis

A

Abnormally narrow EC

30
Q

What are the 2 types of treatments for outer ear malformations?

A

Surgical & Amplification

31
Q

How to treat Anotia & Microtia?

A

Surgical reconstruction of the pinna or orthotic pinna (your ME and IE need to work for this surgery to work)

32
Q

How to treat Atresia?

A

Surgical options depend on the specific condition of the ME and Cochelea

33
Q

Amplification

A

If the cochlea is function put a osseointegrated hearing air on to directly vibrate the bones of the skull which vibrates straight to the cochlea

34
Q

Excessive Cerumen

A

Can have considerable wax buildup where the cerumen is pushed down the ear canal beyond the point where it can migrate out naturally

35
Q

What is the most common disorder of the outer ear?

A

Excessive cerumen

36
Q

Foreign objects

A

Things in the EC that aren’t supposed to be there (common in children)

37
Q

What are some example of items that have been removed from the human ear canal?

A

Toys, bobby pins, rocks, insects, beans, safety pins, money

38
Q

Do foreign objects cause HL?

A

No, but they will cause a lot of discomfort

39
Q

Collapsing ear canal

A

Partial or complete closure of the ear canal when pressure is applied to the pinna

40
Q

Who is a collapsing EC more prevalent in?

A

10-33% of adults over 65 have a collapsing ear canal

41
Q

What is a treatment for a collapsing EC?

A

Use a hearing test device that maintains the opening of the ear canal during the testing (insets , earphones)

42
Q

Tympanic membrane perforation

A

Tear or hole in the TM due to trauma or pressure build up in the ME

43
Q

Treatment for Tm performation

A

If small enough they can heal on their own or if not we use a patch called a myringoplasty

44
Q

Otitis Media

A

Inflammation or infection of the middle ear (caused by a problem in the Eustachian tube)

45
Q

What may cause inflammation in the Eustachian tube

A

Allergies, infection, manual blockage

46
Q

What is otitis media with effusion?

A

it means that the inflammation is secreting fluid

47
Q

Serous otitis media

A

Thin and watery fluid

48
Q

Suppurative otitis media

A

Thick and white fluid (more painful bc more swelling and pressure)

49
Q

Acute otitis media

A

OM that has come on quickly (within 5 days)- most painful form of OM

50
Q

Chronic otitis media

A

OM persisting over 3 weeks- Less painful because only some fluid remains

51
Q

What is the prevalence of otitis media in kids?

A

76-95% of kids will have at least one ear infection by 6 years old

52
Q

What is the incidence of otitis media in kids?

A

Highest incidence is between 6 mo and 2 years of age

53
Q

Why are children more susceptible to ear infections?

A

Because their eustachian tubes are shorter and more horizontal so bacteria will not be pulled down but instead it will stay there

54
Q

Why are older children susceptible to ear infections?

A

Exposure in school and daycare

55
Q

How do we treat otitis media?

A

Wait, antibiotic, surgery

56
Q

Antibiotics

A

Only effective during the infectious stage and only in cases of bacterial infection (won’t work on a virus)

57
Q

Surgical

A

Only in chronic cases over 3 months, a myringotomy is performed and pressure equalization tubes are placed in the TM

58
Q

When do the myringotomy tubes fall out?

A

6-12 mo

59
Q

Otosclerosis

A

Abnormal bone growth of the ME

60
Q

Ossicular chain discontinuity

A

Abnormal separation of one or multiple of the bones of the ME

61
Q

What HL does ossicular chain disorders cause?

A

conductive HL

62
Q

Otospongiosis

A

Formation of spongy material around the bone (bone forming cel builds up of foam)

63
Q

Otosclerosis

A

Hardening of the spongy material

64
Q

Where is otosclerosis it most common to occur?

A

Anywhere within the otic capsule but most commonly involves the stapes footplate

65
Q

What HL does osteosclerosis result in?

A

A progressive, conductive HL (starts in one ear but can become bilateral)

66
Q

What does otosclerosis prevent?

A

It prevents the stapes from moving in and out so it cannot send vibration into the cochlea

67
Q

What is the etiology/cause of otosclerosis?

A

There is no defined cause but we know that there is probably a genetic factor involved

68
Q

What do we know about otosclerosis?

A

It is unique to humans, positive family history of disease, more prevalent in women than men, more prevalent in caucasians, potential link to measles

69
Q

What is the treatment to otosclerosis?

A

Non-surgical (wait and watch or hearing aids) or surgical (stapedectomy- replaces stapes with a prosthetic which does not solve the issue because the bone could still grow after)

70
Q

What are the 2 types of tumors in the ME?

A

Cholesteatoma & glomus

71
Q

Cholesteatoma

A

The most dangerous tumor in the EM that is a growing collection of dead skin cells (there is no blood supply and it forms a mass that can spread and erode the ME bones and make its way into the EC). The only way to remove this is through surgery

72
Q

Glomus Tumor

A

A hypervascular tumor arising from the jugular bulb (a collection of blood cells/vessels). It appears as red and people usually describe the sensation of this as hearing blood pumping in the ears because it settles right behind the TM)

Basic Audiology (3 decks)

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