Unit 3 Flashcards
Protections granted by the government to prevent discrimination against certain groups.
Civil Rights
constitutional protections for individuals against government action.
Civil Liberties
Amendment that ended slavery
13th
Amendment that limited states power
14th
Amendment that let everyone vote.
15th
Case where guy couldn’t ride on transportation because of his race. Segregation was made legal in this case.
Plessy v Fergusen
got rid of segregation in public schools
Brown v Board of Education
segregation because of tradition (legal)
De Facto
segregation because of law (illegal)
De Jure
What are ways the government tried to get only white people to vote?
Jim Crow Laws
Literacy Test
Poll Tax
Racial Jerrymandering
White Primary (excluding non-white party leaders)
case where it was claimed that North Carolina’s 12th district was racily jerrymandered.
Shaw v Reno
act that prohibits discrimination in all public places
Civil Rights Act of 1964
act that prohibits discrimination in house selling
Civil Right Act of 1968
act that prohibits the literacy test and similar things
Voting Rights Act of 1965
case where someone discriminated when refusing to sell rooms to black people. He said his 13th and 14th amendments were violated by Civil Rights Acts. Civil Rights Act is constitutional because of commerce clause.
Heart of Atlanta Motel v US
What extended the franchise?
15th and 24th amendment and Voting Rights Act of 1965
amendment that eliminated poll taxes
24th
amendment that gave women voting rights
19th
What title of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 addressed discrimination against women?
Title IX
What unpassed amendment wanted to make man and woman equal?
Equal Rights Amendment
case where divorced parents had a child that died, and what will used when saying where parent’s stuff went then they died was based on gender. They said that was unconstitutional based on Equal Protection Clause
Reed v Reed
case where the drinking age was different between man and woman. Equal Protection Clause said this was unconstitutional
Craig v Boren
The 3-part test to see if discriminatory law is legal
Strict Scrutiny Test (race/religion)
Intermediate Scrutiny Test (gender)
Rational Bias Test (age)
In employment, you have to be proactive in hiring minority groups.
Affirmative Action
Using race or gender to give preferential treatment to some people (majority group discrimination)
Reverse Discrimination
Case where guy had great test scores but didn’t get accepted into university and someone less qualified did because the one who got in was in a minority group. Guy sued saying his 14th amendment was violated. Court said race can be a factor in enrolling people, but it can’t be the only factor.
Regents of University of California v Bakke
case where police officer went into an open house and caught same sex activity, which was illegal. Couple said their rights were violated, but court kept the law.
Bowers v Hardwick
case that overturned “Bowers v Hardwick”
Lawrence v Texas
heterosexual couples get federal benefits (less taxes) but homosexuals don’t
Defense of Marriage Act
case that legalized gay marriage
Obergefell v Hodges
amendment where Congress can’t make a law limiting freedom of speech, press, religion, assembly, expression, and the rights of the people.
1st
case where prayer in public schools was prohibited
Engle v Vitale
Case where Amish people would keep their kids at home to work instead of school because of their religion. (Exercise Clause)
Wisconsin v Yoder
What forms of speech aren’t protected by the first amendment?
Slanderous
Obscenity
Symbolic Speech
Clear and Present Danger
Time, Place, and Manner Restrictions
case where guy burns his military draft card and encourages others to do the same (Symbolic Speech)
Schenck v US
case where citizens giving money to candidates they wanted to win (protected under 1st)
Citizens United v FEC
case where student protested the Vietnam War at school (protected under 1st)
Tinker v Des Moines
case where newspaper company put military news on the paper (protected under 1st)
New York Times v US
case where guy mailed nude papers to people (obscenity)
Miller v California
case where Nazis wanted to parade down a Jewish neiborhood (protected under 1st)
NSPA v Skokie
amendment that gives the right to a grand jury, can’t be tried twice for the same case, can’t be forced to confess, can’t be deprived without due process of law, and if property is taken by the government they must reimburse.
5th
amendment that gives the right to a speedy, public, impartial trial where the crime was committed. You must know the charges against you, who the witnesses are, and you having a lawyer.
6th
Case where homeless person was charged for breaking and entering. He didn’t get a lawyer.
Gideon v Wainwright
case where person was intimidated into self-incrimination.
Miranda v Arizona
amendment that gives the right to a jury in a civil case
7th
amendment that protects from cruel and unusual punishment as well as no frequent bail or fines.
8th
case where the death penalty was banned
Furman v Georga
case that undid “Furman v Georgia”
Greg v Georgia
amendment that gives the right to bear arms
2nd
case where Supreme Court applied 2nd amendment to the states (selective incorperatoin)
McDonald v Chicago
case where guns were said for individual use, as well as military use.
D.C. v Heller
amendment that protected from quartering of troops
3rd
amendment that protected from unreasonable searches without a warrant.
4th
amendment that says people still have rights not in the Bill of Rights
9th
case where a married couple said a law saying birth control was illegal was unconstitutional
Griswold v Connecticut
amendment that said powers not given to the federal government are reserved for the states.
10th
