Unit 3 Flashcards
The Self in the social world
What is self-concept?
Your answer to the question “Who am I”
What are self-schemas?
Beliefs about yourself that organize and guide how you process information related to yourself
Give an example of self-schema
If you believe you are athletic, you’ll notice others’ athletic skills and easily recall sports-related events.
How do self-schemas contribute to a sense of control?
They help us respond quickly and effectively in social situations based on our past experiences and beliefs about ourselves.
What are possible selves?
Our visions of the self we dream of becoming
Images of what we dread of becoming
What is the spotlight effect?
The tendency to overestimate how much attention others pay to us. (when we want to skip classes because we have a pimple and we think that everyone is going to notice. Although, no one notice)
Describe the illusion of transparency
The belief that our emotions are more obvious to others than they actually are.
What did Savitsky and Gilovich’s experiment on public speaking reveal ?
People informed about the illusion of transparency felt less nervous and gave better speeches, even though observers didn’t notice much difference.
How do social surroundings impact self-awareness?
We become more self-conscious when we are the only representative of a particular group in a given context. (EX:When I’m in Portugal and I hear Portuguese, it’s not relevant and doesn’t stand out. But when I’m in Spain, Portuguese becomes much more noticeable than it is in Portugal. )
How does self-concern motivate our social behavior?
We adjust our appearance and behavior to make a good impression and meet social expectations (EX: You are going to a job interview and because of self-concern, you would likely to prepare your responses to appear confident and articulate).
How does self-interest influence social judgment?
We tend to take more credit for success and blame others for failures.
How do social relationships shape our sense of self?
We amy have different “selves” that emerge depending on the person we are interacting (EX:i can be the most responsible of one group friends but in another group i can be the more reckless).
What is social comparison?
Evaluating ourselves by comparing ourselves to others
What aree the two types of social comparison?
Upward comparison(comparing to those worse than us) and downward comparison (comparing to those better than us)
Why people engage in social comparison?
To evaluate themselves, assess if they are meeting norms, or to feel better about themselves.
What is self-presentation?
Expressing ourselves and behaving in ways to create a desired impression on others and ourselves (external audience).
What is self-handicapping?
Protecting our self-image by creating excuses for potential failures.
What is self-promotion?
Highlighting our strenghts and accomplishments to create a favorable impression
What is the self-verification perspective?
Trying to get others to confirm our existing self-views, even if they are negative.
Describe ingratiation tatics
Expressing admiration or flattery to gain favor with others.
What is self-deprecation?
Downplaying our abilities or achievements to appear humble or manage others’ expectations.
What are the two components of identity discussed in this source?
Personal identity (seeing ourselves as unique individuals) and social identity (seeing ourselves as members of social groups)
How does social identity theory explain how we see ourselves?
Our identity shifts depending on the social context, emphasizing either our personal or social identities based on the situation’s demands (compared to my family I am young, but compared to my friends old)
What is self-esteem?
Our overall evaluation of ourselves, encompassing our self-schemas and possible selves.
How can culture influence self-esteem?
Individualistic culture emphasize personal achievement, while collectivistic cultures prioritize group harmony and belonging.
What is the interdependent self?
A view of the self as connected to others and embedded in social relationships, common in collectivistic.
