Unit 3 Flashcards
What affects enzymes?
Denaturation, optimal temp, concentrations, and inhibitors
What causes denaturation
change in temperature, pH, and ionic conditions
What are the two types of inhibitors?
Competitive and noncompetitive
What are competitive inhibitors?
Molecules that can bind reversibly or irreversibly to the active site of the enzyme
What are noncompetitive inhibitors?
Molecules that can bind to allosteric sites, changing the activity of the enzyme
How do enzymes help with reactions?
They act as catalysts and decrease the amount of energy needed to something to occur
What is a substrate?
What is the active site?
A part of the enzyme that specifically interacts with substrate molecules
What is the allosteric site?
How does the structure of the enzyme affect its function?
They need to have a specific shape and the charge of the substance must be compatible with the active site of the enzyme
What are enzymes?
Biological catalysts that facilitate chemical reactions in cells by lowering activation energy
What is glycolysis?
A biochemical pathway that releases energy in glucose to form ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate, NADH from NAD+ and pyruvate
What is pyruvate?
What happens in the Krebs Cycle?
Carbon dioxide is released from organic intermediates, ATP is synthesized from ADP and inorganic phosphate, and electrons are transferred to the coenzymes NADH and FADH.
What happens in the ETC?
Electrons are transferred between molecules in a sequence of reactions and establish an electrochemical gradient of protons (hydrogen ions) across the inner mitochondrial membrane
What is fermentation?
A process that allows glycolysis to process in the absence of oxygen and produces organic molecules, including alcohol and lactic acid as waste products
What happens when ATP becomes ADP?
Releases energy, which is used to power many metabolic processes
Where does ETC reactions occur?
I’m the chloroplasts, mitochondria, and prokaryotic plasma membranes
What is photosynthesis?
Process when plants capture energy from the sun and produce sugars
What happens in ATP synthase?
Formation of the proton gradient, which is linked to the synthesis of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate
