Unit 3

Question 1

Ancient times

Answer 1

Disease/illness caused by evil spirits/demons
Sickness seen as punishment
Religious rites were preformed to restore health
Human body was a mystery since religious rites didn’t allow dissection of the body

Question 2

Egyptians

Answer 2

First to record health records although most couldn’t read

Question 3

Greeks

Answer 3

Hippocrates or fathers of medicine helped prove disease is naturally caused first to stress good diet and cleanliness helped prevent disease

Question 4

Roman’s

Answer 4

Realized disease linked to filth bad water and bad sanitation built sewers for waste aqueducts for clean water and laws to keep streets clean eliminate garbage first hospitals were established cities and small villages formed

Question 5

Chinese

Answer 5

Strong belief in holistic health methods stress treating entire patient mind body and soul

Question 6

Early medieval period 400-800 AD

Answer 6

After fall of Roman Empire study of medicine stopped emphasis placed on saving the soul prayer of the Devine used to treat illness and disease lifespan 20 - 30 years

Question 7

Black Death 1300

Answer 7

Bubonic plague killed 75% of pop disease carried by bacteria carried by rats cured today by simple antibiotic autopsies usually forbidden bite were allowed in hopes to find cure

Question 8

Renaissance 1350-1650 AD

Answer 8

Rebirth of science and medicine
Major source from human dissection doctors could view organs see connections between different systems lifespan 30-40 years

Question 9

Who were the first to accurately draw the human body

Answer 9

Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci

Question 10

16th to 18th century

Answer 10

Physicians learning more about body physicians looking at germs causing disease

Question 11

Who invented the microscope

Answer 11

Antón van Leeuwenhoek

Question 12

Who made the vaccine for small pox

Answer 12

Edward Jenner at the end of 19th centuray

Question 13

19th century

Answer 13

Known as Industrial Revolution major progress because of development of machines and access to books physicians began to associate tiny microorganisms seen in microsocope with disease lefspan 50-65 years

Question 14

20th century

Answer 14

Most rapid growth in healthcare physicians able to use machines like x rays to view body medicines like antibiotics to fight infections surgical techniques proved cures for once fatal conditions computes used in every aspect of healthcare

Question 15

Conventional medicine

Answer 15

Western, allopathic, or orthodox medicine, focuses on treating symptoms

emphasis on disease and treatment technology

scientifically based treatments are proven effective through research doctors study human body diseases and their treatments conventional methods include drug therapies and surgery

Question 16

Traditional medicine

Answer 16

Practices stemming from Chinese Ayurvedic Tibetan or other indigenous groups

Philosophies and practices are centuries old

Based on traditions of society including cultural spiritual and societal beliefs like healing circles and herbal medicine

Question 17

Alternative medicine

Answer 17

Instead of convential meds

Belief medical care provider has to treat whole person body mind and spirit methods adopted from traditional medicine

Usually less invasive not taught in conventional medical hospitals

Question 18

Complementary CAM therapy

Answer 18

In addition to conventional medicine uses both conventional and alternative

Complementary alternative medicine

Question 19

5 step process

Answer 19

1 asking focused questions
2 finding the evidence
3 critical appraisal (testing)
4 making a decision
5 evaluating performance

Question 20

Clinical trials

Answer 20

Studies on humans to generate data regarding safety and effectiveness have of drugs

Pre clinical studies tested non human to find out toxicity and efficacy

Phase 1 10-100 healthy people to establish dosage and safety

Phase 2 100-300 to determine efficacy

Phase 3 tested 1000+ patients looking for therapeutic effect

After is long term effective

Question 21

Types of studies

Answer 21

Randomized study- randomly assigned a trial drug or placebo

Blind study- study subject doesn’t know if they receive drug or placebo

Double blind- researchers also don’t know who has what

Placebo controlled- use fake treatment to separate treatment results from placebo effect results

Question 22

Ethical problem solving

Answer 22

1 what does the patient want
2 what can be done for the patient and what are the risks and benefits
3 are the patients requests fair reasonable and able to be satisfied

Question 23

Resolving ethical dilemmas

Answer 23

1 Recognize the situation and important ethical problem
2 identify problem needs to be solved
3 determine reasonable actions
4 consider each option 3 ethical principles
5 decide on a resolution
6 consider your position( what would make u change your answer consider emotions or if your decision was made public)
7 do you feel it was the right thing how do you know?

Question 24

Respect for persons autonomy

Answer 24

Not treating someone as an end goal

Not interfering with an ability to make and carry out decisions

Respect more than listening to another person need to hear and attempt to understand what people are trying to say

What does the patient want

Question 25

Beneficence or. Good
Maleficence or bad

Answer 25

Promote positive consequences by balancing harms and benefits one must consider actions that do least harm and provide most benefits

Question 26

Fairness

Answer 26

Resources risk and cost distributed equally

Does not entail equal shares

Question 27

Facts

Answer 27

Scientific facts start to answer questions of harm benefits and how people respond to disease medicine or physicians to provide ethical insight amoung groups

Range of individuals walk in someone else’s shoes different perspectives

Question 28

Reflexology

Answer 28

Stimulates bodies natural healing process through pressure points

Applying pressure to points believed to correspond with different systems and organs

Promotes relaxation improves circulation enhances bodies natural healing process

Potential discomfort if to much pressure is applied soreness or fatigue after session

Question 29

Yoga and tai chi

Answer 29

Both ancient practices that focus on the mind body connection

Various poses improve flexibility strength and balance while focusing on breathing

Tai chi consists of slow moving elements enhancing energy flow both practice stress reduction and harmony

Inner peace mindfulness relaxation

Muscle strain or sprains when preformed incorrectly

Question 30

Smudge

Answer 30

Burning herbs to cleanse a person space or purifying them

Herbs like sage or sweet grass are burned

Clears negative energy beings positive and helps with not being overwhelmed

If exposed often chemicals or particles may build up can cause respiratory disease like asthma or adhd

Question 31

Hypnosis and meditation

Answer 31

Guided into deep relaxation when in a state of focused attention and training of the mind to focus or redirect thoughts

Improves focus and concentration in a state of relaxation guided by verbal repitition or mental images

Relieves anxiety and control issues

Dizziness headache anxiety

Question 32

Aromatherapy

Answer 32

Inhaling or applying oils different scents have different effects on the body

Extracted from plants to promote physical and psychological well being

Helps body heal and stay healthy

Skin irratation respiratory issues

Question 33

Herbal medicine

Answer 33

Using plants in different remedie forms like tea capsules or topicals

Helps body heal and stay healthy

May cause skin irritation or allergy

Question 34

Massage and chiropractic

Answer 34

Adjusting or rubbing a sore muscle tendon or ligament to reduce pain

Loosen tight tendons or ligaments that make joints stiff and painful

Chiropractic adjustments ensure joints have proper function

Reduces muscle soreness and increases circulation

Bone fracture blood clot

Question 35

Pet and equine therapy

Answer 35

Therapy animals trained to provide comfort during a session

Interactions with animals as emotional social and physical support

Reduces stress

May be allergic