Unit 3 Flashcards
Recall the structure of the human nervous system, with reference to
the central and peripheral nervous systems
(here’s a little hint: brain and spinal cord & somatic and autonomic)
The human nervous system consists of both the central and the peripheral nervous systems.
The central nervous system contains the brain and the spinal cord.
The peripheral nervous systems contain both the somatic and autonomic system
Describe the role of the spinal cord in the human nervous system, with
reference to the spinal reflex
In the spinal reflex, action occurs, impulse travels up the sensory neutron, then reaches the control centre in the spinal cord which links spinal nerves to the brain and quickly sends an impulse for a reflex down the motor neurone for an effect to occur.
what are the discrete areas of the cerebral cortex?
Here is a little acronym to remember:
“OPT”
O = Oh
P = Poppy
T = Tom
occipital, parietal and temporal lobes
what are the specific functions of the 5 areas of the cerebral cortex?
Frontal lobe: Voluntary movement
front _> legs -> movement
Occipital lobe: Vision
“O” looks like a telescope
cool thing:
ob-, meaning “against,” and “capit-“ or caput, meaning “head. The occipital lobe is located at the back of the head.
Parietal lobe: Taste and touch
parietal -> parent -> feeds and carries children -> touch and taste
where does language processing occurs?
Here is a little acronym to remember:
“BWG”
B = Big
W = whale
G = Garry
think * whale sounds* -> language -> processing their language
Language processing occurs in Broca’s area, Wernicke’s area and Geschwind’s territory.
voluntary movement is coordinated from what?
Here is a little acronym to remember:
“BCP”
B = bones
C = can
P = play
think voluntary movement means that our “ bones can play”
Primary motor cortex: Coordinates direction of movement
-> motor -> boat motor -> coordinates direction and moving
Cerebellum: Coordinates balance and posture
-> cere- belly-um (belly) -> belly dancing -> balance and posture
Basal Ganglia: Coordinates fluidity of movement
-> basal (basil) -> good cocktail garnish -> cocktail fluid -> fluidity and movement
emotion occurs within what?
Here is a hint to remember:
“PAL”
think “PAL’s” help us when times are rough and we need emotional support.
Limbic system: Regulates response to emotional stimuli
-> limbs -> moving -> action -> physical response to emotion
Amygdala: Produces emotional responses
-> Amy is sad -> she cry all the time
Prefrontal Cortex: Modulates emotions
-> prefrontal -> “preview” -> oversees all emotions and modulates them.
⭐ GET OUT YOUR PEN!! drawing time ⭐
Communicate neurotransmission using a diagram
look online for answer
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotransmission#/media/File:SynapseSchematic_en.svg
Distinguish between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters
think of “GLU” as a gas pedal and “GABA” as a brake for neuron activity.
Exhibitory neurotransmitters create a higher chance of a neutron firing an action potential like (GLU).
Inhibitory neurotransmissions limit the chance of a neutron firing an action potential (GABA)
Compare the physical and psychological function of acetylcholine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin
Epinephrine: Heart rate and respiratory rate. Adrenaline
epi pen -> adrenaline -> increased herby rate and heavy breathing
Norepinephrine: Heart rate and glucose release for blood flow. ADHD and hypertension.
-> pine = pineapple -> pineapple has glucose -> and I get excited eating pineapple (increased heart rate).
Dopamine: Emotional arousal, linking activity to reward. Parkinson’s and Depression.
working out -> happy
Serotonin: Mood regulation. Depression.
“Sero puts her to-e in”
-> controls mood
-> can be a sad toe sometimes
Discuss the impact of interference in neurotransmitter function, with
LO-3.10 reference to Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease (symptoms and treatments).
When a neurotransmitter releases too little or too much of a chemical, it can cause damage to the brain.
Parkinson’s patients lack dopamine which makes them slow. They can take dopamine precursors to try and increase dopamine levels.
Patients with Alzheimer’s suffer from amnesia and visual problems. Patients can take drug inhibitors that attempt to stop the breakdown of acetylcholine.
Explain the process of visual perception, with reference to reception
Here is a little acronym to remember:
“RTTSOI”
R = Rory
T = Trials
T = Tom’s
S = Sight
O = Over
I = input
The 6 stages of visual perceptions go as follows;
- reception where in which light enters the eye and is received by photoreceptors;
- celebrity enters the reception, and is bombarded with photos (paparazzi) - transduction when light energy is converted by receptor cells into nerve impulses;
- transmission where the impulses move to the primary visual cortex in the occipital;
- selection where the stimulus is broken up by feature detector cells;
- organisation where the stimulus is organised within the visual cortex and
- interpretation where meaning is assigned to the stimulus.
Determine the biological influences on visual perception?
Here is a little hint to remember:
“GAP”
think GAP as their are many age gapes and that effects our visual perception
physiological make-up, ageing and genetics
Explain psychological influences on visual perception?
Our past experiences, emotions, and motivations shape how we perceive things visually, like how a familiar smell can trigger memories or how our mood can affect how we see a situation.
Evaluate the impact of social influences on visual perception, with
LO-3.14 reference to cultural skills (Hudson 1960; Deregowski 1972; Deregowski, Muldrow & Muldrow 1972).
Visual perception is influenced by cultural background, like how different languages shape how we see colours;
think of it as wearing cultural glasses that affect how we interpret what we see.
