Unit 3 Flashcards
What is the difference between material culture and non-material culture?
Material culture consists of physical objects, artifacts, or items that hold significance to an individual or society. Non-material culture consists of intangible elements of culture, such as an individual’s beliefs, values, languages, or customs.
Identify three material cultural components of a Japanese tea ceremony.
1) Physical objects such as the tea and utensils 2) The tea room 3) The tea itself 3. Identify three non-material cultural components of a Japanese tea ceremony. 1) How people greet one another 2) How a person holds the tea bowl 3) The different rules of the ceremony
What is the difference between modern culture and folk culture?
Modern culture typically originates in economically developed regions. It prioritizes individualism and personal achievements and is constantly changing. Folk culture is more homogenous and places a stronger emphasis on community and the collective experience
Define subculture
A group of people within a larger society or culture who share a distinct set of beliefs, values, and practices that are different from those of the main culture
What is an indigenous culture?
A culture that is connected to a specific geographic location, has a strong emphasis on community, and often has traditional values. These cultures have ancestral ties to the land and natural resources in the area
Why do many folk and indigenous cultures resist modern technology?
Modern technology diffuses modern culture, often replacing folk and indigenous cultures
Explain the difference between ethnocentrism and cultural relativism.
Ethnocentrism is the practice of judging a culture by the standards of one’s own culture. Cultural relativism is the practice of analyzing or judging a culture by its own standards
What does a cultural landscape consist of?
Visible human modifications of the natural environment, including different religious practices, linguistic characteristics, infrastructure designs, agricultural practices, architectural styles, and land-use patterns
Traditional architecture
Uses resources from the local area. Incorporates the local culture and resources into the design of the building
Modern architecture
Focuses on function over design. Often does not seek to incorporate the local culture into the design of the building
Postmodern architecture
Strives to create a unique look that incorporates the local culture into the design of the building
What is sequent occupance?
The way in which different cultural groups or societies have shaped the cultural landscape of a geographic area over time
How can you determine if a place has traditional gender values when looking at the cultural landscape?
There are many possible answers to this question. For example, cultures with traditional gender roles may have more residential areas that include amenities and facilities that cater to women’s needs, while commercial and industrial areas may offer more amenities and facilities that cater to men’s needs
Describe how places can reflect cultural beliefs and identities.
Neighborhoods may have distinct architecture and cultural landmarks that reflect the traditions and customs of the community (e.g., statues of significant people or events)
Human Characteristics
Birth rates, age distributions, languages spoken, religions
Define the built environment.
The human-made physical surroundings in an area. It encompasses all the constructed human-made features of a place.
Physical Characteristics
Rivers, mountains, vegetation, climate, man-made structures practiced
Identify four things that contribute to a sense of place.
1) Shared community experiences 2) Ethnic traditions, like food and music 3) Local architecture 4) Land-use patterns 5) History
What is a sense of place?
A strong emotional connection or perception a person has of a specific geographic area
Describe the concept of placelessness.
When a place does not invoke any strong response from an individual, this is known as placelessness. It often occurs because the place lacks unique characteristics and identity
Explain how placemaking can contribute to a sense of place.
Placemaking is when a community comes together and transforms a public space for different activities or events. This can create unique memories and personal experiences that resonate with an individual and the location
Describe what happens to local cultures and practices when the global cultural landscape impacts an urban area.
The cultural landscape becomes more homogenized as unique Cultural practices and traditions are replaced by dominant global trends
Language - sense of place
Language is visible on signs and street art. It is also reflected in the unique dialects and colloquialisms used by the local people
Religion - sense of place
Religious institutions impact the cultural landscape and citizens’ daily interactions. For example, in Muslim countries, homes have smaller windows that make it harder to see inside due to privacy concerns and gender roles. In many societies, the celebration of faith is a focal point, bringing together citizens from across the geographic area.
Ethnicity - sense of place
Different ethnic and cultural groups bring unique shops, restaurants, products, traditions, and food to society. They also influence the local architecture (e.g., the sense of place you feel when you walk into a Chinatown in an American city)
What is the difference between centripetal and centrifugal forces?
Centripetal forces are forces that unify people and states. Centrifugal forces are forces that divide people and state
Provide an example for each of the categories below: Centripetal Force Centrifugal Force: Language
One central language I Multiple languages being spoken inside a state, which may lead to communication problems
Define the term “diffusion.”
The spread of a cultural element, item, group of people, or phenomenon from one place to another
Provide an example for each of the categories below. Centripetal Force Centrifugal Force: Ethnicity
Similar ethnic groups that have a strong national identity Multiple ethnic groups with a sense of self-determination could cause groups to seek independence
Relocation Diffusion
The physical movement of a culture or group of people from one place to another, resulting in the hearth shrinking The Amish originated in Europe but began to migrate to the United States around the 1700s, originally settling around Pennsylvania but eventually migrating west
