unit 3

Question 1

how do you treat inflammation?

Answer 1

ice for 20 minutes and then wait 40 minutes before icing again
compression (elastic wrap

Question 2

what are the injury types

Answer 2

1. chronic: slow onset from repeated movement
2. catastrophic: damage to brain and spinal cord that cause permanent damage
3. acute: rapid onset from traumatic event

Question 3

crepitation

Answer 3

cracking feeling or sound heard during the movement of a broken bone

Question 4

referred pain

Answer 4

pain felt at a site different from the site of actual injury disease

Question 5

active trigger points

Answer 5

spontaneous pain or pain in response to movement that can trigger local or referred pain

Question 6

three grades of strain

Answer 6

stretching or tearing to MUSCLE FIBERS
1. mild damage overstretching
2. moderate “overstretching”, some tearing of muscle fibers
3. severe tearing or rupture of the muscle/tendon

Question 7

three grades of sprain

Answer 7

stretching or tearing to LIGAMENT
1. slight stretching, some damage to fibers of the ligament
2. partial tearing of ligament
3. complete tear of the ligament

Question 8

effusion

Answer 8

swelling or collection of fluid in joint space

Question 9

hematoma

Answer 9

localized bleeding outside of a blood vessel, is still enclosed in the tissue

Question 10

contusion

Answer 10

bruised looking area where there is actually damage to a blood vessel

Question 11

hemorrhage

Answer 11

profuse bleeding from a ruptured blood vessels

Question 12

inflammation

Answer 12

redness, swelling, heat, pain, and sometimes loss of function

Question 13

atrophy

Answer 13

decrease or loss of tisue

Question 14

edema

Answer 14

swelling that occurs primarily in the soft tissue

Question 15

ecchymosis

Answer 15

large area where blood has leaked out of the capillary and into the layers of the skin

Question 16

labral tear

Answer 16

injury to tissue that holds the ball and socket parts of the joint together/ lines the joint (hips and shoulder)
CHRONIC

Question 17

plantar fasciitis

Answer 17

small tears/overstretching to tissues that connect the ankle to the toes
CHRONIC

Question 18

rotator cuff

Answer 18

group of muscles and tendons that surround the shoulder joint
injury makes people 6x more likely to develop osteoarthritis
can lead to loss of movement
CHRONIC

Question 19

What are the differences between subluxation and dislocation? **HOW TO TREAT SUBLAXATION

Answer 19

sublaxation = partially out of alignment
dislocatiom = completely out of socket

Question 20

What causes ligament sprains and the different grades

Answer 20

result of a traumatic joint twist causing stretching or tearing of connective tissue
1. some pain, minimal loss of function, no abnormal motion, tender
2. pain, moderate loss of function, swelling, and instability (tearing and separation of fibers)
3. extremely painful, loss of function, severe instability and swelling, can represent sublaxation

Question 21

What is a meniscus?

Answer 21

C-shaped cartilage in knee that absorbs shock and increase joint stability

Question 22

What are the common places of ligament injuries? What are the symptoms?

Answer 22

most common in the knee
symptoms: swelling, effusion, temp increase, pain and point tenderness, ecchymosis, and possible avulsion fracture

Question 23

What is synovitis? What are the symptoms?

Answer 23

increase in synovial fluid within the synovial membrane
CHRONIC AND ACUTE
symptoms: warm, red swollen joints

Question 24

What is capsulitis? Cause, common location in body and example.

Answer 24

repeated joint trauma at joint capsule leading to cartilage buildup at joints
leads to loss of mobility, swelling, and pain
common in shoulder and foot

Question 25

How do ligaments help in movements?

Answer 25

tie the bones together and stabilize joints

Question 26

Symptoms of Osteoarthritis

Answer 26

stiffness, prominent morning pain, localized tenderness, creaking, grating

Question 27

Symptoms of Bursitis

Answer 27

swelling, pain, and some loss of function

Question 28

Explain why the stress-strain curve is useful in sports medicine.

Answer 28

to ensure safety and functionality because it explains the ability of a bone, tendon, or ligament to carry load without deformation
can be used to create exercises to help tendons and ligaments adapt
design protective gears to distribute force

Question 29

Describe the 4 stages of this curve.

Answer 29

1. yield strength: strain without deformation
2. strain hardening: bone/ligament/tendon becomes stronger as a result of forces (Wolff’s Law)
3. necking: strength decreases and neck is formed
4. rupture: neck becomes unstable and can no longerer support load, DEFORMATION (irreversible in ligaments and tendons)

Question 30

What is anisotropy

Answer 30

the structural property which gives different results depending on the direction of the force
based on the arrangement of tissues and materials in structure

Question 31

What is the difference between stress and strain?

Answer 31

stress = resistance to strain
strain = external force

Question 32

What kind of force makes the bone the weakest?

Answer 32

tension (pulling apart) and torsion (twist)

Question 33

Why do tendons and ligaments show a shallower slope vs a steeper slope of bones?

Answer 33

tendons and ligaments are less stiff and therefore tear more easily–> shallow slope

Question 34

muscle cramp

Answer 34

classification: overuse
load: tension/compression