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CU Sociology Vocab > Unit 3 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Charter School

A

An experimental school that is developed and managed by individuals, groups of parents, or educational management organizations.

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2
Q

Correspondence Principal

A

The tendency of schools to promote values expected of individuals in each social class and perpetuate social class decisions to the next generation.

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3
Q

Credentialism

A

An increase in the lowest level of education needed to enter a field

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4
Q

Education

A

A formal process of learning in which some people consciously teach while others adopt the social role of learner.

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5
Q

Hidden Curriculum

A

Standards of behavior that are deemed proper by society and taught subtly within schools.

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6
Q

Teacher-expectancy effect

A

The impact that a teachers expectations about a performance students may have on an actual students achievements.

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7
Q

Tracking

A

The practice of placing students in specific curriculum groups based on their test scores and other criteria.

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8
Q

Religion

A

A unified system of beliefs and practices relative to sacred things.

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9
Q

Sacred

A

Elements beyond everyday life that inspire awe, respect, and even fear

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10
Q

Profane

A

The ordinary and commonplace elements of life, as distinguished from the
sacred.

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11
Q

Secularization

A

The process through which religions influence on other social
institutions diminishes.

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12
Q

Protestant Ethic

A

Max Weber’s term for the disciplined work ethic, this worldly
concerns, and rational orientation to life emphasized by John Calvin and his followers.

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13
Q

Libertarian Theology

A

Use of a church, primarily Roman Catholic, in a political effort to
eliminate poverty, discrimination, and other forms of injustice from a secular society

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14
Q

Religious Belief

A

A statement to which members of a particular religion adhere

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15
Q

Fundamentalism

A

An emphasis on doctrinal conformity and the literal interpretation
of sacred texts

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16
Q

Ritual

A

A practice required or expected of members of a faith

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17
Q

Religious Experience

A

The feeling or perception of being in direct contact with the
ultimate reality, such as a divine being, or of being overcome with religious emotion.

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18
Q

Force

A

The actual or threatened use of coercion to impose one’s will on others

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19
Q

Influence

A

The exercise of power through a process of persuasion

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20
Q

War

A

Conflict between organizations that possess trained combat forced equipped with
deadly weapons

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21
Q

Sovereignty movement

A

The effort by the indigenous people of Hawaii to win
self-government, as well as the restoration of-or compensation for-ancestral lands

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22
Q

Terrorism

A

the use or threat of violence against random or symbolic targets in pursuit of
political aims

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23
Q

Affirmative Action

A

positive effort to recruit minority group members or women for jobs,
promotions and educational opportunities

24
Q

Oligarchy

A

A few individuals rule, such as Africa, Asia, and Latin America
where small factions of military have power.

25
Q

Dictatorship and Totalitarianism

A

Virtually complete government control and
surveillance over all aspects of a society’s social and political life. North
Korea is considered a totalitaristic state today

26
Q

Democracy

A

Government by the people. Many people consider the US as a
democracy, yet some question if everyone is included

27
Q

Monarchy

A

A form of government headed by a single member of a royal
family, usually a King or Queen. An example is England and Monaco

28
Q

Color Blind Racism

A

“I don’t see color”

29
Q

Desindustrializacion

A

The systematic, widespread withdrawal of investment
in basic aspects of productivity, such as factories and plants

30
Q

Micro financing

A

Lending small sums of money to the poor so they can work
their way out of poverty

31
Q

Offshoring

A

Transferring work to foreign contractors

32
Q

Informal economy

A

The trading of goods or services

33
Q

Human ecology

A

the study of the relationship between humans and
their environment

34
Q

Ecological Modernization

A

a theory that suggests that environmental
protection can be achieved through
technological innovation and economic
growth

35
Q

Environmental justice

A

is the movement that seeks to address the
disproportionate environmental
burdens faced by marginalized
communities

36
Q

Environmental refugees

A

people who are forced to leave their homes
due to environmental disasters or the
effects of climate change

37
Q

Climate change

A

Shift in global weather

38
Q

Migration

A

Shift in populations to other areas

39
Q

Fertility Rates

A

Rate of population growth over time

40
Q

Population explosion

A

Increase of global population in the 20th century.

41
Q

Thomas Malthus Theory

A

Population growth outpaces food production

42
Q

Neo-Malthusians

A

Population growth strains natural resources

43
Q

Medicalization

A

Non-healthcare concerns being labeled as such.

44
Q

Bilateral Descent

A

a kinship system in which both sides of a person’s family are regarded as equally important.

45
Q

Matrilineal and Patrilineal Descent

A

Matrilineal descent- a kinship system in which only the mother’s relatives are significant.

Patrilineal descent- a kinship system in which only fathers relatives are significant.

46
Q

Matriarchy/Patriarchy

A

Matriarchy- a society in which women dominate in family’s decision making.

Patriarchy- a society in which men dominate in family decision making.

47
Q

Monogamy

A

Each individual has one partner

48
Q

Serial Monogamy

A

A person has several spouses in their liftetime, but only one as a time.

49
Q

Endogamy/Exogamy

A

Endogamy- the restriction of mate selection to people within the same group.

Exogamy- the requirement that people select a mate outside certain groups.

50
Q

Polygamy and the subgroups

A

Polygamy- a form of marriage in which an individual may have several husbands or wives simultaneously.
- Polyandry is a form of polygamy in which a woman may have more than one husband at the same time.
- Polygyny is a form of polygamy in which a man may have more than one wife at the same time.

51
Q

Homogamy

A

The conscious or unconscious tendency to select a mate with personal characteristics similar to one’s own.

52
Q

Egalitarian family

A

Both spouses are regarded as equal in the family.

53
Q

Nuclear Family

A

A married couple and unmarried children living together

54
Q

Familism

A

Close bond to extended family.

55
Q

Machismo

A

a sense of virility, personal worth, and pride in one’s maleness.

56
Q

Cohabitation

A

The practice of loving tougher as a male-female couple without being married

CU Sociology Vocab (3 decks)

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