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unit 3 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

How many different kinds of amino acids are there in most proteins?

A

20

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2
Q

Which of the following substances is made of lipids?

A

steroids

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3
Q

Which element is closely associated with the field of organic chemistry?

A

carbon

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4
Q

Which of the following molecules is a carbohydrate?

A

C60 H100 O50

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5
Q

Amino acids can be distinguished from one another by

A

the chemical properties of their R groups.

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6
Q

A disaccharide forms when

A

two monosaccharides join by dehydration synthesis.

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7
Q

Which of the following lists contains only polysaccharides?

A

cellulose, starch, and glycogen

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8
Q

Which of the following contains a carboxyl and an amino group?

A

amino acid

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9
Q

Carbohydrates are mainly used in our bodies _____.

A

as fuel

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10
Q

A DNA nucleotide is composed of a __________.

A

deoxyribose sugar, which is bonded to a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base

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11
Q

Fatty acids are

A

hydrophobic

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12
Q

A molecule with the formula C7H14O7 is probably a(n)

A

monosaccharide

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13
Q

Fatty acids with double bonds between some of their carbons are said to be

A

unsaturated

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14
Q

What is the general function of enzymes within a cell?

A

to speed up chemical reactions

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15
Q

How are these two amino acids attached together?

A

amino group to carboxylic acid group

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16
Q

DNA carries the instructions for building _____, and these instructions are found in informational units called _____.

A

polypeptides … genes

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17
Q

The lipids that form the main structural component of cell membranes are _____.

A

phospholipids

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18
Q

Which of the following is a carboxyl group?

A

-COOH

19
Q

A shortage of phosphorus in the soil would make it especially difficult for a plant to manufacture _____.

A

DNA

20
Q

The results of dehydration synthesis can be reversed by

A

hydrolysis

21
Q

What feature of fats makes them hydrophobic?

A

Fats have nonpolar hydrocarbon chains.

22
Q

Select the hydrocarbon

A

C3H8

23
Q

The storage form of carbohydrates is ________ in animals and ________ in plants.

A

glycogen; starch

24
Q

When two monosaccharides link to form a disaccharide, the by-product is __________.

A

water

25
Q

A glucose molecule is to starch as _____.

A

a nucleotide is to a nucleic acid

26
Q

When an RNA strand forms using DNA as a template, _____.

A

uracil pairs with adenine and cytosine pairs with guanine

27
Q

Although the structures of the functional groups important to life (hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino, and phosphate) vary in chemical structure, they share one thing in common: They _____.

A

all are hydrophilic and increase the organic compound’s water solubility

28
Q

Dehydration reactions __________. They do so by __________.

A

link monomers to form a polymer; removing a water molecule

29
Q

Many names for sugars end in the suffix

A

-ose.

30
Q

These two molecules are structural isomers. What is the difference between them?

A

the location of a double-bonded oxygen atom

31
Q

A fatty acid containing at least one double bond is called _____.

A

unsaturated

32
Q

Which of the following would be correctly classified as a protein?

A

an enzyme

33
Q

The reaction that joins two monomers to form a polymer is known as a _____ reaction. The molecule of water formed is due to the interaction between _____ and a hydrogen ion.

A

dehydration … a hydroxyl group

34
Q

Which of the following foods would contain the most starch?

A

Carrots

35
Q

Based on the way the nitrogen-containing bases in DNA and RNA pair, you would expect the percentage of _____ to be equal to the percentage of _____. Look at the figure carefully.

A

A … T

36
Q

Glucose molecules are to starch as ________ are to proteins.

A

amino acids

37
Q

How does DNA differ from RNA?

A

RNA contains ribose, DNA does not.

38
Q

A phospholipid is composed of

A

one glycerol molecule linked to one phosphate group and two fatty acids.

39
Q

In a hydrolysis reaction, __________. In this process, water is __________.

A

a polymer breaks up to form monomers … consumed

40
Q

Organic compounds

A

always contain carbon.

41
Q

You work for a company that manufactures food products. A new “wonder food” is being distributed by a rival company. The researchers in your company determined that the “wonder food” contains only carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen. At this point, your researchers can say with certainty that the food

A

does not include proteins or nucleic acids.

42
Q

A major type of lipid found in cell membranes is

A

phospholipids.

43
Q

Which of the following is an amino group?

A

-NH2

44
Q
A

Advanced Biology (5 decks)

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