Unit 1 (1.1 - 1.11) Flashcards
Organisms with prokaryotic cells are separated into two ___________, Bacteria and Archaea
Domains
most of the prokaryotes known as _____________ live in extreme environments such as salty lakes
Archaea
All organisms with eukaryotic cells are grouped in domain ________
eukarya
__________ are a diverse collection of mostly single-celled eukaryotes that are sorted into several kingdoms to reflect their evolutionary relationships.
Protista
Kingdom _____________ consists of multicellular eukaryotes that produce their food by photosynthesis
Plantae
Kingdom _____________ includes eukaryotic organisms that mostly decompose organic wastes and absorb nutrients into their cells
fungi
Kingdom ____________ consists of multicellular eukaryotes that obtain their food by ingesting (eating) other organisms
Animalia
what kingdom can most multicellular photosynthetic organisms be found?
Plantae
a pesticide kills 95% of a pest population. What will be the result of the continued application of this pesticide?
Over time, the pesticide will become less effective at killing the pest
Animals with the traits best suited to the environment survive
examples of natural selection
can obtain their food by eating other organisms
kingdom Animalia
what is the molecular commonality that is the basis of life’s variety?
DNA
what do all bacteria have in common?
all bacteria lack a nucleus
DNA carries genetic information from generation to generation
Darwin’s theories of evolution by natural selection
a proposed explanation for a set of observations
hypothesis
an explanation of an idea that is broad in scope and supported by a large body of evidence
Theory
To be a value to science, a hypothesis must be…
testable
me hypothesizing that my car battery is dead or if it rains on Monday, then it will rain all week, are examples of what
inductive reasoning
scientists use a general process known as ________________ to ask and answer questions about nature
scientific inquiry
using a type of logic known as ________________, a generalized conclusion that can often be drawn from a large number of specific observations.
inductive reasoning
_________ uses “if…then” logic to proceed from a general hypothesis to specific predictions of results that can be expected if the general premise is true.
Deductive Reasoning
a ______________ is a proposed explanation for a set of observations. It leads to predictions that can be tested by additional observations or by experiments.
Hypothesis
a hypothesis must be testable and ________
falsifiable
there must be some observation or experiment that could show that _____________ is not true
a hypothesis
A ________ involves both an experimental group and a control group, which are alike except for the one variable that the experiment is designed to test
Controlled Experiment
A __________ is broader in scope than a hypothesis, is supported by a large body of evidence, and generates many new hypotheses
Theory
The role of a control in an experiment is to
Provide a basis for comparison to the experimental group
Prokaryotes characteristics
- Think “Pro-No”
- DO NOT have a nucleus
- DO NOT have membrane-bound
organelles - Generally smaller and simpler
Examples: Bacteria
only cell organelle seen in prokaryotic cells.
Ribosomes
Eukaryotes characteristis
- Sounds like “you and carrots→animals and plants”)
- DO have nuclei
- DO have membrane-bound
organelles - Generally bigger and more complexExamples: Protists, Fungi, Pants,
and Animals
The tree in your backyard is home to two cardinals, a colony of ants, a wasp nest, two squirrels, and millions of bacteria. Together, all of these organisms represent a what?
community
In an ecosystem, energy _____________________________________
typically flows from producers through a series of consumers
During a discussion about ecosystems, a student says “Plants eat sunlight, and animals eat other organisms.” Restate the sentence to be correct
plants don’t eat sunlight; they use it to make sugars
Can obtain their food by eating other organisms
members of the kingdom Animalia
all cells have ___________
a cell membrane
A property of life known as energy processing refers to the fact that living things ____________.
obtain energy from their environment and use it to power their own activities and chemical
all of the red oak trees in a forest an examples of what
a population
at which level of interaction does life first appear
cell
algae, bird, earthworm is the order of what
producer, consumer, decomposer.
the chemical energy used by most organisms for metabolism and growth ultimately comes from __________
the sun
what is the molecular commonality that is the basis of life’s variety?
DNA
the scientific study of life, called _______________, can be organized around several themes
Biology
as the biological hierarchy builds from molecules on up to ecosystems, each level has _______________ that result from interactions among component parts.
emergent properties
Life basic unit of ____________, is the cell, which occurs in two basic forms-prokaryotic and eukaryotic
Structure and function
As organisms interact with the environment, ___________________ cycles within an ecosystem
chemical nutrients
_________________ flows one way from sunlight > chemical energy > heat.
Energy
according to the core theme of _____________, all of life is related by common descent
evolution
Life has diversified as ________________, which has led to the gradual accumulation of adaptations that fit populations to the environment
natural selection
simplest of most complex biological organization
Atoms, Molecules, Organelles, Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organ Systems, Organisms, Population, Community, Ecosystem, Biosphere
what process occurs in eukaryotic cells, but not in prokaryotic cells
digestion of large organic molecules within lysosomes
