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psyc 271 > unit 3 > Flashcards

unit 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Who was Mike the Headless Chicken?

A

A chicken that lived for 18 months after his head had been cut off, surviving because most of his brain stem remained intact

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2
Q

Central Nervous System (CNS)

A

Composed of the brain (in the skull) and the spinal cord (in the spine)

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3
Q

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

A

Located outside of the skull and spine

Serves to bring information into the CNS and carry signals out of the CNS

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4
Q

The perception of pain or discomfort in a limb that is no longer there

A

Phantom limb syndrome

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5
Q

Two divisions of the Peripheral Nervous System

A

Autonomic nervous system (ANS): Controls involuntary bodily functions and regulates glands

Somatic nervous system (SNS): Controls muscle movement and relays information from ears, eyes and skin to the central nervous system

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6
Q

The _______ division transmits impulses from the CNS out to the peripheral organs

A

Efferent

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7
Q

_______ neurons carry information from sensory receptors found all over the body towards the central nervous system

A

Afferent

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8
Q

Nearer to midline

A

Medial

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9
Q

Away from the midline

A

Lateral

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10
Q

At or near the front of the body (front view)

A

Anterior

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11
Q

At or near the back of the body (back view)

A

Posterior

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12
Q

Three layers of membranes known as _______ protect the brain and spinal cord

A

Meninges

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13
Q

The three meninges

A

Dura mater: “Tough Mother”, outer membrane

Arachnoid membrane: Spider-web-like

Pia mater: “Pious Mother”, adheres to CNS surface

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14
Q

Tightly packed cells of blood vessel walls prevent the entry of many molecules

A

Blood brain barrier

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15
Q

It consists of high concentrations of neuronal bodies, axon terminals (endings) and dendrite

A

Grey matter

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16
Q

Many of these nerve fibers are surrounded by a type of sheath or covering called myelin

A

White matter

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17
Q

An __________ is a molecule capable of binding to and functionally activating a target

A

agonist

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18
Q

An _______ is a molecule that binds to a target and prevents other molecules from binding

A

antagonist

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19
Q

Groupings of cell bodies in the PNS

A

Ganglion (ganglia)

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20
Q

Groupings of cell bodies in the CNS

A

Nucleus (nuclei)

21
Q

Bundles of axons in the PNS

A

Nerve (nerves)

22
Q

Bundles of axons in the CNS

A

Tract (tracts)

23
Q

_________ regulate neurotransmission and help form the blood-brain barrier

A

Glial cells

24
Q

Myelin is formed by Glial cells, allows electrical impulses to transmit quickly and efficiently along the nerve cells

A

Mylinating glia

25
Q

Microglia

A

From micro (small) and glia (glue) — are the immune cells of the brain and constantly patrol the cerebral environment to respond to pathogens and damage

26
Q

Astrocytes

A

Maintain an appropriate chemical environment for neuronal signaling, star (astro-) shaped

Control blood-brain barrier and exchange signals with neurons, each other

27
Q

Golgi Stain

A

Stains entire neurons, useful for studying structure of neurons.

28
Q

Nissl Staining

A

Stains all neuronal cell bodies, shows the gross neuroanatomical structure

29
Q

Electron Microscopy

A

Uses a beam of electrons and their wave-like characteristics to magnify an object’s image

30
Q

Tracing to where axons project away from an area, finds where information goes to

A

Anterograde (Forward)

31
Q

Tracing from where axons are projecting into an area, finds where information is coming from

A

Retrograde (Backward)

32
Q

The five major divisions of the human brain

A
  1. Telencephalon
  2. Diencephalon
  3. Mesencephalon
  4. Metencephalon
  5. Myelencephalon
33
Q

What is the hind brain composed of?

A

Myelencephalon and Metencephalon

34
Q

Includes the medulla and has the sensory and motor functions

A

Myelencephalon

35
Q

The part of the hindbrain that differentiates into the pons and the cerebellum

A

Metencephalon

36
Q

The midbrain

A

Mesencephalon

37
Q

Composed of the tectum and tegmentum, serves important functions in motor movement, particularly movements of the eye, and in auditory and visual processing

A

Mesencephalon

38
Q

The forebrain

A

Telencephalon and Diencephalon

39
Q

Acts as a primary relay and processing center for sensory information and autonomic control, composed of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland

A

Diencephalon

40
Q

The Limbic System

A

Telencephalon

41
Q

Regulates motivated behaviours, emotions, and memory formation, composed of the hippocampus and amygdala

A

Telencephalon

42
Q

Two layers of the Neocortex

A

Stellate Cells
Pyramidal Cells

43
Q

Lobes of the Cerebral Hemispheres

A

Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
Temporal

44
Q

Functions linked to inhibition, control

A

Frontal lobe

45
Q

Many functions linked to attention, space

A

Parietal lobe

46
Q

Many functions related to objects, concepts,
and memory

A

Temporal lobe

47
Q

Visual processing

A

Occipital lobe

48
Q

Brodmann Areas

A

The location and function of cortical areas

psyc 271 (10 decks)

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