Unit 3 Flashcards
common stock
equity/ownership position. Portion of company’s profits and dividends.
Able to vote and elect BOD. Not able to vote on dividends.
classified as:
- authorized
- issued
- outstanding
- treasury
authorized but unissued stock
doesn’t carry rights and privileges of issued shares and not included in the company’s total capitalization. Can be used for: raising new capital, pay stock dividends, exchanging common stock for outstanding convertible bonds or preferred stock.
authorized stock
corporate charter authorizes the # of shares the company can issue.
Issued stock
authorized stock that has been sold to investors.
outstanding stock
any shares that the company has issued that are in the hands of investors.
Analyst care about # of outstanding shares
treasury stock
stock a corporation has issued and subsequently reacquired. Corporation can hold this indefinitely or reissue.
treasury stock
stock a corporation has issued and subsequently reacquired.
common stock characteristics
- limited liability: stock holders can not lose more than they invested
- residual claim to assets: last claim, most junior
- stock splits - ONLY FOR COMMON STOCK
- stock dividends: pay dividends with additional shares of stocks
- transferability: can trade on open market, liquid
forward stock split
increases the number of shares. Investor gets more shares but value is reduced
(# of shares owned x first #) / by second #
reverse stock split
fewer shares that are worth more.
reverse stock split
Rights of common stock ownership
- voting rights
- preemptive rights
- inspection rights
common stock voting rights
Vote on:
- BOD
- issuance of convertible securities or additional common stock
- sustainable business changes - M&A
- declarations of stock splits
No votes on dividends.
dilution
a reduction in earnings per share of common stock. occurs through the issuance of additional shares of common stock and conversion of convertible securities
statutory voting
cast 1 vote per share
cumulative voting
allows for allocating their total votes in any manner - benefits the minority
proxy
absentee ballot
nonvoting common stock
Class A = voting
Class B = nonvoting
allows company to raise additional capital while maintaining management control and continuity
preemptive rights
give investors the right to maintain a proportion interest in a company’s stock
inspection rights
vary from state to state but stock holders are entitled to annual financial statements and lists of stockholders
preferred stock
Represents ownership.
always issued with a fixed rate of return - fixed divided that is being paid.
exception, adjustable rate preferred stock has a variable dividend payout.
nonvoting.
No preset date of maturity or redemption.
preferred stock prices tend to move inversely with interest rates.
Inflation risk/sensitive to interest rates
Benefits:
- get dividends before common stockholders
- priority claim over common stockholders.
Good for investors looking for income and safety.
No stock splits or rights
fixed dividend
Preferred stock is often identified by its annual dividend payment stated as a % its par value.
assume paid quarterly.
no obligation for them to be paid.
categories of preferred stock
- straight
- cumulative
- convertible
- participating
- callable
- adjustable rate
straight preferred stock
no special features beyond stated dividend payment.
cumulative preferred stock
skipped dividends must be paid before paying a common dividend.
missed dividends are in arrears.
typically has lower stated dividend due to less risk
convertible preferred stock
gives owner the right to exchange each preferred share for shares of common stock. conversion rate is fixed at the time of issue.
typically has lower stated dividend due to less risk