Unit 3

Question 1

What is species richness?

Answer 1

The number of different species living in an area.

Question 2

What is species evenness?

Answer 2

The amount of each species in an ecosystem ( out of all the total population of organisms how much of the pie chart do they take up?)

Question 3

What are some factors that could lead to lower biodiversity?

Answer 3

Pollution, eutrophication, urbanization

Question 4

eutrophication

Answer 4

alge blooms on the surface of the water which blocks sunlight and prevents them from growing leading to them decomposing.

Question 5

Habitat diversity/ ecosystem diversity

Answer 5

the variety of habitats, communities, and ecological processes in an ecosystem or a biome

Question 6

genetic diversity

Answer 6

varitey of a species ex all dog breeds are of the same species like a pug and german shepard

Question 7

What are the benefits of biodiversity?

Answer 7

the benefits of biodiversity are a higher resilience to changes or disturbances, genetic diversity/resilience to disease, and a blooming plant life benefits the cycle of nutrients.

Question 8

What are diversity indices?

Answer 8

They are indicators of an environment’s biodiversity such as how much pollution, eutrophication, and colonization can be seen or recorded in the region.

Question 9

How can data be valuable in helping to support conservation?

Answer 9

Data can help support conservation by highlighting which problems need to be prioritized. Like if data is showing a decrease in the population of an underwater plant species then it is reasonable to assume that eutrophication needs to be addressed.

Question 10

How does biodiversity result from evolutionary processes?

Answer 10

Biodiversity is a result of evolutionary processes because it has been found through fossil evidence that over time species have adapted which resulted in physical changes over time. The changes have also been seen in mutations found in micro-bacterial DNA.

Question 11

How does natural selection occur?

Answer 11

That witin the population of a species there is a diversiry of genes or genetic variation. As a result of those variation some individuals will be fitter than others. Which allows them to reproduce easier that the individuals who have lower fitness levels. Leading those offspring to likely inherit those fitness levels and continue th cycle.

Question 12

What can cause mass extinctions?

Answer 12

Technotronic plate movements, volcano explosions, and climates changes like the ice age or droughts. Along with meteors falling.

Question 13

What is adaptive radiation?

Answer 13

adaptive radiation is the quick increase in diversity of a species as they adapt to environmental niches.

Question 14

What are 4 causes that lead to isolated populations within a species?

Answer 14

Some causes would include urbanization, a moment of tectonic plates, formation or changes of mountains or rivers along with changes in sea level.

Question 15

What are the 3 isolating mechanisms for speciation?

Answer 15

Behavioral changes most of which are associated with mating ex firefly butts. Temporal changes are when timing prevents reproduction ex seasonal allergies with tree pollen. Geographic changes are physical barriers that divide different populations of species ex squirrles being divided in the grand canyon

Question 16

What is a biodiversity hotspot?

Answer 16

Places in the world have a higher number of species and high numbers of each species. ex Brazils Atlantic forest or the California Floristic province

Question 17

What is an endemic species?

Answer 17

A species that lives only in one place in the world. ex finches and Galapagos turtles are endemic to the Galapagos islands

Question 18

What is a gene pool?

Answer 18

Wild plants and animals are sources of genes that are used hybridization and genetic engineering.

Question 19

How does continental drift affect biodiversity on a global scale?

Answer 19

The plates move and eventually, they meet resulting in one of the following sliding past each other, separate (dividing populations), collide to create mountains (creating physical barriers), collide and the heavier oceanic plate sinks while the connects the plate (creating land bridges). Dividing spcies, or introducing new species to new biomes.

Question 20

Background extinction compared to mass extinction.

Answer 20

Background extinction is the natural extinction rate of species. Mass extinction is the result of a quick change in the climate. Both extinctions one is slower one is faster.

Question 21

End/ Permian Triassic extinction

Answer 21

Happened 251 million years ago and it was mainly caused by the Siberian traps which was a huge volcanic explosion. Resulting in 720,000 cubic miles of lava and triggering 14.5 million tons of carbon into the atmosphere. Leading to a rapid increase in global temperatures due to the number of greenhouse gases that were admitted. Along with an estimated loss of 95% of all species and 54% of families.

Question 22

What can lead to loss of biodiversity?

Answer 22

Habitat loss, fragmentation, pollution ( air plants food chain), overexploitation( cutting down too much wood, mining), invasive species ( harming or leading native species to go extinct) disease, agriculture, climate change, geological events, and meteorites.

Question 23

What is deforestation?

Answer 23

The permanent destruction of forests to have land available for other uses. Ex deforestaion of the amazon so the land could be used for cattle ranching.

Question 24

What is the difference between native, non-native, and non-native invasive species?

Answer 24

Native species are species that are native to the area, non-native species are not native to the area but do not have a negative impact, and non-native invasive is non-native but have no predators and produce a lot of offspring. Both non-native and non-native invasive species were brought by people.

Question 25

What are some conservation methods for protecting threatened species?

Answer 25

National parks, reserves, and sanctuaries.

Question 26

What can lead to changes within a gene pool?

Answer 26

physical barriers, fragmentation, speciation