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Chem 103 > Unit 3 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

4 physical properties of gases

A

Highly compressible

Infinity miscible
(Infinity form a homogeneous mixture)

Thermally expandable

Low density

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2
Q

Why does a gas exert pressure on its environment

A

Because the molecules are in constant motion

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3
Q

Pressure formula and what is it measured in

A

P= Force/area

Measured in N/m^2 = 1 Pa

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4
Q

What is boyles law and formula

A

At constant temp (and moles) pressure is inversely proportional to volume

P1V1 = P2V2

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5
Q

What is Charles’s law and formula

A

At constant pressure, volume is directly proportional to temp

V1/T1 = V2/T2

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6
Q

What is avagadro’s law and formula

A

At constant temp and pressure, volume is directly proportional to the number of moles

V1/n1 = V2/n2

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7
Q

Small n equation

A

n = m/M

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8
Q

Gas density formula

A

d = m/V

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9
Q

Total pressure formula

A

Pt = Pa + Pb + Pc

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10
Q

Mole fraction formula

A

Xa = na/n total

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11
Q

What is the mole fraction also equal to

A

Pa/P Total

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12
Q

Do gas particles have kinetic and potential energy

And why

A

Only kinetic

Particles are in continuous random motion and have no inter particle forces

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13
Q

Do gas particles have attraction or repulsion

A

No

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14
Q

Gases are made up of particles with no defined _____

And why

A

Volume

Particle size is so small compared to the distance separating them so it’s negligible

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15
Q

Why does the total energy remain CONSTANT

A

Collisions are elastic

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16
Q

When is the average kinetic energy the same, regardless of the gas

A

When the temp is the same

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17
Q

Formula for kinetic energy of one particle of gas

A

1/2 mu ^2

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18
Q

Average kinetic energy for one mole of particles formula

A

K = (Na)(1/2)mu^-2

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19
Q

Average kinetic energy with respect to RT

A

k = (3/2) RT

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20
Q

What is Urms and what’s the formula for it

A

Root mean speed

Urms = sqrt (3RT/M)

M is in kg/mol

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21
Q

Do gases have high or low Urms

A

High (moving faster)

22
Q

What is diffusion

A

Process by which a substance mixes with one or more substances following the movement of particles

23
Q

What is compression factor

And formula

A

Ratio of the molar volume of a gas to the molar volume of an ideal gas at the same temp and pressure

cf = PV/nRT

24
Q

Particles in a REAL gas experience _____ inter particle attraction

A

Weak

25
Q

Particles in a REAL gas occupy a ___ volume

A

Finite

26
Q

What equation shows how real gases behave

A

P = nRT/V-nb - a(n/V)^2

nb = correction to volume

(n/V)^2 = correction to pressure

27
Q

When is ideal gas behaviour observed

A

At low pressure and high temp

28
Q

The change in states between solids and liquids is due to a modification in _____ ____

And explain

A

Intermolecular forces

The energy supplied is used to overcome the imf until the molecules can free themsevles and move form one phase to another

29
Q

What is a hydrogen bond

A

Hydrogen bonds to NOF

30
Q

The stronger the imf, the higher the ___ and ___

A

Mp

Bp

31
Q

What is the energy required to overcome a hydrogen bond between

A

10-40 kJ/mol

32
Q

London dispersion creates ____________\

A

An instantaneous intermolecular attraction that is short lived and weak

33
Q

How much bigger does the M value have to be when looking at mp

A

Three times bigger

34
Q

How does size affect mp

A

Biggest np means most polarizable means highest IMF means highest BP

35
Q

What is surface tension

A

The resistance of a liquid to increase in surface area

36
Q

The higher the surface tension the higher the _____

A

IMF

37
Q

What is capillarity

A

Refers to the spontaneous rising or descent of a liquid in a capillary tube

38
Q

What is wetting

A

Ability of a liquid to maintain contact with a surface

39
Q

What do capillarity and wetting depend on

A

Cohesive and adhesive forces

40
Q

What are cohesive forces

A

IMF between molecules of a liquid

41
Q

What are adhesive forces

A

Forces of attraction between molecules of the liquid and the particles present on the surface of the tube

42
Q

What is the only liquid that chases a convex meniscus

A

Mercury

43
Q

When does a concave mensisucs happen

A

Adhesive > cohesive

44
Q

When does a convex mensisus form

A

cohesive > adhesive

45
Q

What does capillary attraction look like

A

Tube in bowl of water has water HIGHER than bowl and mensisucs is concave

46
Q

What does capillary repulsion look like

A

Tube in bowl of water has water LOWER than bowl and mensisucs is convex

47
Q

What is viscosity

A

Resistance of a liquid to flow

48
Q

High viscosity means high _____

A

IMF

49
Q

Are long chain hydrocarbons polar or np

A

Np

50
Q

What is vapour pressure of liquids

A

Gfa

Chem 103 (13 decks)

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