Unit 3 Flashcards
describe combination reaction
-joining of 2+ elements to form a single product
describe decomposition reaction
conversion of a single reactant to 2+ products
describe replacement reactions
-either double or single
-1 or 2 element replaces another in a compound to form a different compound and element as products
-replacing atoms
what does the Law of conservation of mass state?
-atoms cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction
-coefficients are used to balance an equation
-a balanced equation has the same # of atoms of each element on both sides of the equation
describe oxidation-reduction reactions
-oxidation = loss of electrons GAIN OF OXYGEN ATOMS / LOSS OF HYDROGEN ATOMS
-reduction - gain of electrons LOSS OF OXYGEN ATOMS / GAIN OF HYDROGEN ATOMS
-*these occur together in a single reaction
reduction forms what?
an anion
oxidation forms what?
cation
what is a redox reaction?
-transfer of electrons from one element to another
what is the reducing agent?
-the species that causes another to gain electrons/become reduced
-always the opposite (species that is oxidized = reducing agent)
what is the oxidizing agent?
-the species that causes another to lose electrons/become oxidized
-(species that is reduced = oxidizing agent)
what are the 4 rules for assigning oxidation states?
-free elements have an oxidation state of 0
-monoatomic ions have an oxidation state equal to their charge
-the sum of oxidation states of all the atoms in a compound = 0
-the sum of oxidation states of all the atoms in a polyatomic ion
= charge of the ion
-group 1 metals have an oxidation state of +1 in all their compounds
- group 2 metals = +2
1 mole is equal to how many molecules?
6.022 x 10 ^23
what is formula weight?
-sum of the atomic weights of all the atoms in a compound reported in amu
what is molar mass?
-mass of 1 mole of any substance reported in g/mol
what is a limiting reactant?
-limits the amount of product that can be formed in a reaction
-*the reactant that forms the least amount of product
what is theoretical yield?
-the max amount of product that can be obtained in a reaction
what is percent yield?
-the amount of product obtained from a reaction
- percent yield = ( actual yield / theoretical yield ) x 100
what are the features of gases?
-always miscible (2 diff. gases will mix completely & form a homogeneous mixture)
-compressible
-exert pressure (the force of collisions that takes place between the particles and the object)
what is a barometer?
-tool to measure atmospheric pressure (atm)
what is pressure (gas)?
-when gas particles collide with the walls of a container, they exert a pressure
-pressure = force / area
describe Boyle’s Law
-for a fixed amount of gas at a constant temperature, the pressure and volume of a gas are inversely related (if one quantity increases, the other decreases)
- pressure x volume = constant
- P1V1 = P2V2
describe Charle’s Law
-for a fixed amount of gas at a constant pressure, the volume of a gas is proportional to its Kelvin temperature direct relationship (if one quantity increases, so will the other)
- Volume / Temperature = constant
- V1/T1 = V2/T2
